"All the World's a Stage We Pass Through" R. Ayana

Showing posts with label smallpox eradication campaign. Show all posts
Showing posts with label smallpox eradication campaign. Show all posts

Tuesday, 1 November 2011

African AIDS: Vaccine Epidemic - AIDS the Real Story (6)

African AIDS: Vaccine Epidemic

 AIDS: The Real Story – Section 3 (Part 6)

http://southafrica-for-dummies.com/image-files/aids-in-southafrica-stats.jpg
  
 “In the recent WHO smallpox campaign, needles we re-used forty to sixty times. The main method of ‘sterilization’ was waving the needle across a flame…              “WHO [World Health Organisation] information indicates that the AIDS table of Central Africa matches the concentration of smallpox vaccinations, i.e., the greatest spread of HIV infection coincides with the most intense immunization programs. Thus, Zaire… had 36,000,000 people immunized with the smallpox vaccine. Next Zambia, with nineteen million, followed by Tanzania with fifteen million, Uganda with eleven million, Malawi with eight million, Ruanda (Rwanda) with 3.3 million and Burundi with 3.2 million. Brazil, the only South American country covered by the smallpox eradication campaign, had the highest incidence of AIDS in that part of the world.
 
             “The theory – that the AIDS epidemic in Africa may have been triggered by the smallpox eradication program – has sparked intense debate among scientists. You may not have heard about this debate, but an urgent call for evidence to support the idea has been demanded by the World Health Organization. The theory was discussed by WHO officials in Autumn [1987]. No follow-up data are available from the smallpox eradication campaign because no systemic studies of the complications produced by the mass immunization have been done(!)” the late Dr Robert Mendelsohn wrote in 1987.[1]

               WHO figures for March 1988 showed that the majority of African cases were concentrated in the urban areas of the following countries; Zaire, Zambia, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Congo and the Central African Republic. Zambia was previously known as Northern Rhodesia. Tanzania used to be called Tanganyika/Zanzibar; the recent history of Central Africa has altered many population bases. But whether sheer numbers of cases or population densities are considered, those countries on Mendelsohn’s list still rated the highest incidences of AIDS in Africa.

             According to Dr Robert W. Dwyer, director of Project SIDA (the Zairian AIDS research program) in March 1988, “the epidemic now looks like it is beginning to level off… there is no evidence of any increase in several years.” By contrast, AIDS cases apparently increased tenfold between the late 1970s and 1980s.
 
             Dr Ryder’s group found no increase in the infection rate of blood donors or pregnant women in the Zaire capital, Kinshasa, indicating HIV infection had leveled off.[2]
 
             “A distressing example of how HIV is blood-borne comes from a study of children between 1 and 24 months old and infected by the virus but whose mothers are not infected. The babies must, therefore, have become infected after birth. Compared with uninfected children of the same age, the infected children have received an average of 44 medical injections (vaccinations not included) compared with an average of 23 medical injections for uninfected children. The relatively large number of injections that even uninfected, healthy children in Africa has led to a small study of fifty mothers. 84% of these mothers believed that medication by injection was more effective than oral medication. Virtually all the women wanted their children to receive injections rather than pills…
 
             “For many reasons, often financial, health workers may not sterilize or discard needles and syringes after use. This is true especially in small or isolated clinics. The stage is set for injections to help the spread of HIV in Africa.”[3] This was written by Dr Jonathan Mann, Director of the WHO special programme on AIDS in 1987.
 
             Smallpox vaccination in the ‘Third World’ did not begin with the WHO. Whole, ‘live’ virus vaccines were used across Africa from at least the 1920s, when scant medical records began to be kept. In the mid-1920s Rhodesia (later to become Zambia and Zimbabwe) was surrounded by states where “smallpox was rife” and “the vaccination state was not as high… as the [Rhodesian] authorities would have liked it to be.
 
        “Many groups of people were appointed as public vaccinators. Native commissioners, police, compound inspectors, all carried out vaccinations. Certain public vaccinators received a penny per vaccination performed and from this arises the, possibly apocryphal, story that when some of these gentlemen ran out of the vaccine lymph they had recourse to condensed milk in order to avoid losing their penny! In any case, the lack of refrigerated storage and transport for vaccine lymph must have given rise to a great deal of wastage.”[4]
 
             In Rhodesia in 1924; “The only laboratory services existed in Salisbury. The Salisbury Public Health Laboratory being combined with the Pasteur Institute which was still manufacturing a rabies vaccine…”[5] In his 1930 Annual Report the Rhodesian Medical Director draws attention to “The epidemic occurrence of smallpox which has been prevalent in the colony during the last three years and the need for additional preventive measures against the disease.”[6] These quotes were recorded in the Central African Journal of Medicine.
 
             Even if HIV can be isolated in early African blood samples taken prior to the 1970s WHO vaccination program, colonial policemen and ‘compound inspectors’ were probably injecting earlier versions of unknown organisms into humans along with primitive vaccinia back in the 1920s.
 
             The medical services required the vaccine programs to boost their almost non-existent medical facilities. Even to the present day, many of the medical journals and texts quoted here appear to need numerous full-page glossy advertisements from pharmaceutical companies to afford publication.
 
             After the beginning of the spread of AIDS in the West in the late 1980s, the US Public Health Service stated that the heterosexual portion of the infection rate for AIDS in Africa was ninety percent, a figure promulgated to this day. This is easily proven to be incorrect.

              Among African adults in 1987, the highest proportion of HIV-infected people were from 16 to 29 years of age. Children from 1 to 14 years old in Kinshasa, Zaire had the lowest prevalence of only one percent – probably due to infection from the mother. These children were born after 1973. The most affected group was born between 1958 and 1971. Random Samples of infection rates (1987) showed the following figures: Lusaka, Zambia – 17% (128 healthy persons) Kampala, Uganda – 11% (370 blood donors) Bangui, Central African Republic – 4% (1,263 randomly selected people) Cameroon: 1% (1,273 – family surveys) [7] 

              “Current evidence suggests that some people develop AIDS within a year or so of infection, but that four to six years is a more typical incubation period. In some cases the time between catching the virus and developing the disease may be even longer…”[8] ble 2
First 500 Cases of AIDS Diagnosed in Mama Yemo Hospital, Kinshasa, Zaire (1986)
http://www.globalenvision.org/articleimages/_image/chart_educatormortality_pLoS.jpg
Note the female to male ratios in mortality figures.


Spread of HIV in Africa  

  

The spread of AIDS in West Africa seemed to be less thorough than in Central, Eastern and parts of Southern Africa, and also involved different strains of HIV. [9]
 
             “…because the cost of screening one blood donation in some poor African nations is approximately three times the entire per-capita expenditure for medical expenses, the procedure is virtually never performed and the national blood supply remains thoroughly contaminated. In some areas, the prevalence of HIV in the blood supply is estimated to be 8-10%; since the average transfusion requires several pints of blood, a person receiving a transfusion is practically guaranteed infection.” [10]
 
             “…in (African) areas where 10% of the healthy population is infected, about the same proportion of blood donors are also likely to be infected. The spread of HIV by contaminated blood transfusions is a tremendous problem in Africa, which could be eliminated if the infrastructure and financial means existed to test blood for antibodies to HIV. In Africa today, the risk of blood recipients may be as high as one in ten, yet in many areas blood is still not screened.
 
          “The spread of HIV in Africa obeyed the same basic biological laws which seemed to cause the spread of the virus in Europe and the US…” These statements come from WHO AIDS director Dr Jonathan Mann.[11] 
 
         In Africa roughly half the people with AIDS are female. This is the single major fact that has promoted a description of AIDS as being ‘heterosexually transmitted’ in Africa and elsewhere (yet in the West this sexual balance in infection rates isn’t the case). The rest of the ‘evidence’ for heterosexual non-anal transmission is all circumstantial, consisting of early African interviews with and surveys of small groups of sex workers and their clients.
 
            No verified studies of heterosexual transmission have been reported; where there are ‘studies’ for homosexual and other forms of HIV transmission, there are only ‘models’ for heterosexual spread – and all of these for Africa were statistically flawed from the outset, as they failed to account for local blood banks being “thoroughly contaminated” and the smallpox vaccination program being a (or the)prime transmission vector.
 
         In the West, the ratio of females to males with the syndrome is much lower than in Africa; only about 10% of cases in the US and Europe are women,[12] and these can virtually all be traced to ‘non-heterosexual’ (neither vaginal nor oral sex) vectors, where they can be traced at all. WHO figures continually showed as many ‘unknown vector’ cases as those presumed to be heterosexual – and as demonstrated in Section One of this report, presumption was the only reason many AIDS sufferers were classified as having been infected by ‘heterosexual transmission’.
 
          Are there any signs of HIV infection in Africa dating back to the WHO smallpox eradication program? Blood samples have been taken from African patients and frozen by the WHO and others for decades. Unfortunately, possible contamination with other bodies and frozen storage has meant that tests for HIV in these old samples are inconclusive.
 
         Dr Jonathan Mann, director of the WHO’s AIDS program said that more reliable data showed that a blood sample from Central Africa (Kinshasa, Zaire) seemed to contain HIV antibodies in 1959, and that a Danish surgeon working in Africa from 1972-75 apparently developed AIDS in 1976.
 
          One suspect batch of stored blood samples taken in 1972-73 seems to show that HIV antibodies were present in the blood of fifty Ugandan children out of a group of 75.

          Researching medical records one finds that that suddenly, in about 1978, an epidemic illness related to AIDS began in Africa. One Belgian researcher and his colleagues found there was a sudden epidemic of cryptococcal meningitis (a disease co-factor of AIDS) in 1978, that paralleled the African spread of HIV. “Slim disease” apparently began in Uganda in the early 1980s; an epidemic of Kaposi’s sarcoma was noted in Zambia in 1982, and in Rwanda in 1983 doctors found a marked increase in candidal oesophagitis, a fungal infection commonly found in the digestive tracts of AIDS sufferers. At this time there was no test for HIV.[13] 

           If an epidemic of illnesses related to AIDS began in Africa around 1978 and the normal onset time of the syndrome was four to six years, then this would place the beginning of the widespread advent of HIV in Africa at around 1972-74. African children born after 1973 are less affected than those who came before.
 
         Some researchers, including Dr Douglass (cited earlier), have researched the smallpox vaccination programs conducted in Africa at that time. Strecker, Mendelsohn, Pearce Wright, Douglass, Rifkin and others claim that the epidemiology of AIDS corresponds precisely with the WHO smallpox vaccination program. Douglass goes so far as to say that a particular vaccination program (referred to in a 1972 WHO report of a 1970 NIH conference) was laced with HIV.[14]
 
         This is the research he refers to; “In relation to the immune response, a number of useful experimental approaches can be visualized. One would be a study of the relationship of HL-A type to the immune response, both humeral and cellular, to well-defined bacterial and antiviral antigens during preventative vaccination. This approach would be particularly informative when applied to sibships.”[15]
 
         ‘Sibships’, or brother and sister relations, would be used to determine changes in the effects of various vaccines within similar environments and genetic patterns (The 1972 WHO Bulletin cited in Section Two of this report raised similar questions, regarding the proposal to see if disease organisms could be rendered more virulent by a ‘hypothetical’ novel agent – an organism whose description matches HIV).
 
         This researcher has been unable to find data that confirms or refutes assertions by Douglass that vaccination programs subsequent to this July 1970 NIH workshop was deliberately contaminated with HIV; it’s just as possible that HIV had evolved into its present (human affecting) form from related animal retroviruses contaminating vaccine cultures around this time, given the normal cross-species infection practices and prevalence of accidents in biological research labs.
 
         But assertions that HIV was created in Fort Detrick/NIH/NCI have been made repeatedly over the past decades and this possibility must continue to be considered until proven incorrect. As demonstrated in earlier sections of this report, circumstantial evidence and expert opinions in support of this position do exist. It has often been stated that it would be very difficult, if not impossible, for HIV to evolve of its own accord (DR R.J. Biggar, Lancet, and others – see earlier sections).
 
         “HIV may have arisen by mutating and making the jump from other primates to humans, following a route broadly analogous to that whereby smallpox, measles and other viruses probably entered the human population from domestic animals some 10,000 years ago…”, according to some.[16] But this opinion is refuted by many reputable virologists, as we have seen.
 
         The two most likely origins of HIV (and causes of the sudden widespread advent of AIDS) are; by accident due to the repeated admixture of continually evolving retroviruses into millions of simian and human tissue cultures and bloodstreams - or by combination in a biological research laboratory and subsequent dissemination (either by accident or deliberately) to groups of people. Multinational bulk blood purchasing spread HIV widely around the world in either case.    

http://news.bbc.co.uk/olmedia/1780000/images/_1781032_aidsvictim_ap150.jpg

African Warnings  

The major WHO smallpox vaccination program began in 1967; it may be that anomalous signs of immuno-deficiency were not recognised in the early years of the program.
 
             AIDS in the West was first diagnosed in young and middle-aged homosexual men, many of whom were affected by an uncommon form of lymphatic cancer known as Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS). This form of cancer is normally found only in older men, which was one of the major indications in the West that something unusual was happening with younger gay males and others.
 
             Yet a study in The Central African Journal of Medicine, in January 1973 reports anomalous KS among younger black Rhodesian Africans.[17]
 
             “Fifty-eight new cases presenting at Harare Hospital (Salisbury) between 1967 and 1971 were reviewed…
 
             “Table 1 shows the spread of occurrence of the tumour throughout all age groups but the maximum incidence is at 60 years of age and over. It is of interest that ten cases occurred between the ages of 20 and 29.” (See Table 1). 

                                                  Table 1: Ages of cases seen
 
Ages 1 year to 9 years                          :           3 cases                       
Ages 10 years to 19 years                   :           2 cases                       
Ages 20 years to 29 years                   :           10 cases                       
Ages 30 years to 39 years                   :           7 cases                       
Ages 40 years to 49 years                   :           8 cases                       
Ages 50 years to 59 years                   :           4 cases                       
Ages 60 and over                                     :           24 cases
“Only three patients were female and the age range was 13 years, 25 years and 65 years.” 

              Two cases “had a history of pulmonary tuberculosis and were receiving sanatorium treatment when they developed KS…
 
             “Three cases complained of cough and shortness of breath with chest pain…”[18]
 
             The WHO smallpox eradication program began its immunisation campaign in these areas in 1967 (see Section 2). It’s easy to see that an anomalous incidence of KS in young men could draw widespread attention in the West in 1981. But similar findings in Rhodesia in 1973 were likely to be ignored. A little further on, however, we find that attempts were made in Rhodesia to treat KS by applying vaccinia directly to the lesions:
 
           “There has been a great deal of discussion on the association of KS with other tumours and with other diseases (O’Brien & Brasfield, 1967). It is patently evident to us in this country that there is an association with tuberculosis…” By the 1980s this was common with HIV infection.

 
             “In view of the fact that there may be a certain association with immunity, inoculation of some of the tumours with vaccinia virus has produced regression of the surface portion of the Kaposi’s nodule but the tumour in deep tissues has remained unchanged.”[19] The previous year’s Journal describes how attempts to investigate “The therapeutic value of vaccinia virus in malignant melanoma using direct, intradermal inoculation, intravenous injection and injection of regional lymph metastases has already been reported… However, there has been little success with direct lymph node inoculation…”
 
             The authors find no “clinical, histological or virological evidence to support the use of vaccinia virus” in treating lymphatic cancers. “However, in our service, direct inoculation of metastases with vaccinia virus has become the treatment of choice.”[20]
 
              An earlier edition of the same Journal reports on carcinomas in smallpox vaccination scars.[21] In their conclusion the authors outline some problems with smallpox vaccination in the field;
 
             “Amongst the complications of vaccination we appreciate that infections can occur at the vaccination site, non-specific eruptions can appear and generalized vaccinia and progressive vaccinia can develop… Encephalitis is not infrequent.”
 
             Through the early 1970s (at the very least), experiments with vaccinia virus were conducted on black African patients in Rhodesia. In many cases the vaccinia (along with contaminating organisms) was pumped directly into the lymphatic systems or skin tumours of patients with melanomas (lymphatic cancers) – including Kaposi’s sarcoma, a common co-factor of AIDS in the early years of its appearance. Again there are documented “complications” associated with vaccinia virus that no-one cared to investigate.
 
             We are told that ‘African AIDS’ is easily transmitted ‘heterosexually’ while its Western counterpart is not, despite the fact that these are the same organisms infecting the same species. It’s obvious that this argument is flawed. There is no proof of non-anal heterosexual transmission in Africa; just as is the case in the West, this assumption was based on inferences gained from statistical research (often using small numbers of individuals in unrepresentative groups, such as sex workers in single cities) and voluntary interviews. The first section of this report has demonstrated that similar Western figures are misrepresentative even when they are accurate.
 
           The most likely explanation for the equal distribution of AIDS between the sexes in Africa is that most were infected in the World Health Organisation vaccination programs. HIV was further spread primarily by contaminated blood banks and blood products and intravenous drug use.
 
             Corroboration comes from the fact that HIV is not transmitted easily (if at all) from females to males or from receptive partners in anal sex to the active partner. 

           In this researcher’s opinion, the misidentification of the true source of AIDS in Africa and other parts of the ‘third world’ – the WHO smallpox eradication campaign – is one major reason the world was told that AIDS is a heterosexually (vaginally) transmitted disease when it obviously is not (Pointing out this obvious fact – when hardly anyone uses condoms in practice during intercourse – is like pointing out that the emperor has no clothes. Most people – including well-paid researchers and scientists - seem to overlook the obvious fact that HIV is NOT spread by vaginal intercourse and act as if they believe the opposite were the case – except when making love!).  This misclassification succeeded in drawing attention away from the likely origin of HIV/AIDS itself – the contamination of (smallpox) vaccinia with primate, sheep and cow organisms, the identities of which may already be known (see Section Two – The Virus Engineers).
 
            That this hypothesis should be further investigated with determination by the World Health Organisation and others should be obvious to any who have read this far. An accurate identification and description of the disease organism may depend upon such investigations.

        According to a report by the Panos Research Institute in conjunction with the Norwegian Red Cross called AIDS in the Third World, issued in November 1986, “the possibility that these immunisation drives could be helping spread AIDS and diseases like polio is an agonizing one for many organisations like WHO and UNICEF, and for thousands of doctors.” The report predicted that at least one million Africans could die of AIDS in the following ten years, mainly in Central Africa.[22]  -           

Continues…
          -          by R. Ayana-            


-          See
Section 1 Part 2 - Very Hard to Catch


images - http://southafrica-for-dummies.com/image-files/aids-in-southafrica-stats.jpg
http://www.globalenvision.org/articleimages/_image/chart_educatormortality_pLoS.jpg
http://www.codezonline.com/content_images/smallpox4-thumb.jpg
http://news.bbc.co.uk/olmedia/1780000/images/_1781032_aidsvictim_ap150.jpg




[1]  Dr Robert S, Mendelsohn, Australasian Health and Healing, Vol 7 No 2, December 1987
[2]  Washington Post, 21-3-1988, Sydney Morning Herald 23-3-88
[3]  Dr Jonathan Mann, New Scientist 26-3-87
[4]  A Review of the Development of the Health Services of Rhodesia from 1923 to the Present Day; Central African Journal of Medicine, Vol 18 No 12, December 1972, p 244
[5]  Ibid p. 247
[6]  Ibid Vol 19 No 1 January 1973
[7]  Communicable Diseases Intelligence (CDI) 87/7 from WER No 11, 13-3-87
[8]  Roy M. Anderson, FRS & Robert M. May, FRS, New Scientist 26-3-87 p 56
[9]  Ibid, Dr Jonathan Mann
[10]  Michael Fumento, The Bulletin (Australia) 22-3-88
[11]  Dr Jonathan Mann, New Scientist 26-3-87
[12]  Figures; Dr Jonathan Mann, Ibid, & CDI 88/9, 9-5-88, p. 9
[13]  New Scientist 26-3-87, pp 40, 59
[14]  Australasian Health and Healing Vol 7 No 3, April 1988.
[15]  Suggested in Biological Significance of Histocompatibility Antigens, (WHO) Federation Proceedings of the American Association of Biochemists, Vol 31, No 3, 1972, p. 1102.
[16]  Roy Anderson, FRS & Professor Robert May, FRS, New Scientist 26-3-87
[17]  The Central African Journal of Medicine, January 1973, Vol 19 p 1.
[18]  Ibid, p. 4
[19]  Ibid, p. 6
[20]  Ibid, Vol 18, Sept. 1972, pp. 173, 176
[21]  Ibid, July 1972, p. 142
[22]  Sydney Morning Herald, 29-11-1986''
'
         
see also 'AIDS Biowarfare by Dr Alan Cantwell http://sonic.net/~doretk/ArchiveARCHIVE/Aids/1.%20AIDS%20Biowarfare.html






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Friday, 2 September 2011

Vaccination Programs and AIDS: Smallpox Vaccines - AIDS – The Real Story (3)

The Virus Engineers
AIDS – The Real Story – Section 2
Vaccination Programs and AIDS 
Part 1 – Smallpox Vaccines 




The World Health Organisation (W.H.O.) conducted a thirteen year campaign to eradicate smallpox in the ‘third world’ from 1967 to 1980. They used vaccinia (live smallpox virus serum), injected – sometimes intravenously – into hundreds of millions of people. What’s less widely known is that many of the vaccinia batches were contaminated with animal viruses, including retroviruses – organisms very closely related to Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (H.I.V.), the retrovirus and its many mutational forms believed to cause Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (A.I.D.S.). 

Most people consider it’s been proven that HIV emerged from apes in Africa. Yet many apes in laboratories had been injected with blood and ‘unknown cytopathic agents’ for many years – the same accident-prone labs that produced vaccines, in many cases.

  In the recent WHO smallpox campaign, needles were re-used forty to sixty times. The main method of ‘sterilisation’ was waving the needle across a flame… 

               “WHO information indicates that the AIDS table of central Africa matches the concentration of smallpox vaccinations, i.e., the greatest spread of HIV infection coincides with the most intense immunization programs. Thus Zaire, at the top of the AIDS list, had 36,000,000 people immunized with the smallpox vaccine. Next Zambia, with fifteen million, Uganda with eleven million, Malawi with eight million, Ruanda with 3.3 million and Burundi with 3.2 million. Brazil, the only South American country covered by the smallpox eradication campaign, has the highest incidence of AIDS in that part of the world.
                
“The theory – that the AIDS epidemic in Africa may have been triggered by the smallpox eradication program – has sparked intense debate among scientists. You may not have heard about this debate, but an urgent call for evidence to support the idea has been demanded by the World Health Organisation. The theory was discussed by WHO officials last Autumn (1987). No follow-up data are available from the smallpox eradication campaign because no systemic studies of the complications produced by the mass immunisation have ever been done.” 

               These statements were made by prodigious author Dr Robert S. Mendelsohn (who wrote many articles and books including Mal/e Practice and Confessions of a Medical Heretic) in 1987 and best sum up the issue – the vaccination programs used contaminated vaccines.[i]               

 “I thought it was just a coincidence until we studied the latest findings about the reactions which can be caused by vaccinia. Now I believe the smallpox vaccine theory is the explanation of the explosion of AIDS,” a WHO advisor said in 1987.[ii] The advisor suggested that the smallpox virus weakens the immune system, causing AIDS viruses to lose their dormancy.      
         
This (anonymous) outside consultant was hired by the WHO to see if smallpox vaccine was linked to AIDS. When he determined that it was, the WHO buried his report and he went to the London Times. According to Pearce Wright, Times science editor and author of the article, the statistical report compared numbers of vaccinations in Central Africa (and other locations) with the number of reported AIDS cases. The countries with the largest number of vaccinations also had the most AIDS cases. 
 
Vaccine Clues

   
At the Walter Reed Army Medical Centre in Washington, D.C., a routine 1987 smallpox vaccination apparently triggered a dormant HIV infection that developed into full-blown AIDS in a 19 year old army recruit. According to Dr Robert Redfield, leader of a Walter Reed research team, the recruit developed full-blown AIDS two and a half weeks after the vaccination and died soon later. “Our case raises provocative questions concerning the ultimate safety of such vaccines,” said Dr Redfield.[iii]              

  Dr Robert Gallo (hailed as the co-discoverer of HIV) subsequently wrote; “The link between the WHO [smallpox eradication] programme and the [AIDS] epidemic in Africa is an interesting and important hypothesis. I cannot say that it actually happened, but I have been saying for some years that the use of live vaccine such as that used for smallpox can activate a dormant infection such as HIV.”[iv]              

  Others including clinical AIDS researcher Dr Laurence Gerlis, concurred;     
        
   “Previous circumstantial evidence looks more persuasive alongside the latest research that shows AIDS can be stimulated by smallpox vaccination.” But others, who have researched AIDS in particular and contaminated vaccines in general go one step further. 

                “The point has nothing to do with triggering dormant HIV infections. Those vaccines were contaminated with cattle viruses which directly contribute to AIDS. They are AIDS – or damn close to it,” said world-renowned virologist Dr Robert Strecker.[v]

                 The National Institutes of Health (NIH) in Bethesda, Maryland in the US is (and was) arguably the world’s major biological research establishment. On July 7th 1987, Jeremy Rifkin (president of the Foundation on Economic Trends and well-known Washington medical activist) delivered a petition to the NIH insisting – under threat of lawsuit – that they examine world-wide stocks of human vaccines to see if they were contaminated with cattle viruses that may be responsible for AIDS.           

     The petition stated, in part:                

 “It has been reported that bovine viruses are ‘a fairly common contaminant of foetal calf serum.” Foetal bovine serum is almost universally used in the creation of cell tissue culture for subsequent use in the production of vaccines for human use.”        

        In an expanded form of his petition sent to the FDA in August 1987, Rifkin calls for a thorough examination of all animal viruses in the same class as Bovine Leukaemia Virus (BLV), Bovine Immuno-deficiency Virus (BIV) and Visna viruses (all retroviruses like HIV) - to test for contamination of medical products and to see “whether, over the last thirty years, these highly adaptable microbes have combined in humans with human genetic material to form new virulent viruses.”[vi]            

    “I’m not asserting I know for certain that the cattle viruses are the true AIDS viruses,” said Rifkin. “But I am saying that they have to be researched. It’s a scandal that they’ve been ignored by the medical research establishment. They could be AIDS… there’s literature to suggest the possibility. And we know cattle viruses can find their way into smallpox vaccines. The problem isn’t going to go away by wishing it would.”[vii] 

 

Species No Barrier  


 Of course, animal viruses regularly cross the ‘species barrier’ into humans.     

           Dr Luc Montagnier of the Pasteur Institute (‘co’-discoverer of HIV) told the 4th International Conference on AIDS in Stockholm (1988) that experiments have shown a human AIDS virus can produce AIDS in animals.[viii]Chimpanzees had hitherto been shown to be the only animals ‘successfully’ infected with HIV, but although they developed related antibodies and swollen lymph nodes, full-blown AIDS could not be induced in them.[ix]          

     The Central African Journal of Medicine for April 1974 reports a series of studies on arboviruses; “For many years the term arbovirus has been applied to viruses which are transmitted from vertebrate to vertebrate by an arthropod vector. It is characteristic of these viruses that they multiply in the vector but cause no apparent harm…” – these viruses are transmitted via insect or similar creatures to ‘higher order’ animals, but the creature transmitting the virus isn’t injured by it.            

    The article describes the infection of large herds of sheep and cattle with arboviruses across southern Africa from 1956 to 1973. The authors also describe how some of these viruses caused “widespread infection among farm workers” and report test results of human blood collected across then Rhodesia (later Zimbabwe) from 1969-73.[x]The studies showed human infection with these viruses in sites across Rhodesia, even though “arbovirus infections are unlikely to be differentiated from malaria and influenza at rural clinics…”            

    “In the present survey [Chikungunya] virus was found to be widespread in Rhodesia…” in human blood. 

                “Wesselsbron virus was… found to be widely prevalent in Rhodesia in the present survey. Veterinarians, stockmen and farm labourers can acquire infection from the handling and consumption of infected carcasses during epidemics in sheep…”            

    Rift valley fever infects “large numbers of humans” during livestock epidemics. “It is estimated that 20,000 people became infected during the 1951 epidemic in South Africa and that 100,000 sheep and cattle died (Weiss, 1957).[xi]

 It must be emphasized that compared to HIV/AIDS these viruses are all relatively easy to catch. But these studies demonstrated that viruses can spread from sheep and cattle to human beings. Animal viruses have long been known to cross the species ‘barrier’ into humans and there are many more recent and widespread examples of diseases that have done so – Avian Influenza and ‘Q Fever’ (cattle fever) for example. Keeping and handling animals and killing them for meat often leads to debilitating (and sometimes lethal) infections in humans. That diseases can cross species ‘barriers’ and be deliberately or accidentally recombined into novel forms that end up contaminating humans isn’t news to aware humans in the 21st Century.

The question is, did HIV (and any of the other fairly recently discovered human retroviruses) come from another animal – and if so, how and when?In the1984 edition of Acta Haematologica, Karger and Basel state that “We are proposing the hypothesis, now new in the international literature,  that bovine leukaemia virus [BLV] might be the cause or a contributing factor of human… leukaemias.” They cite a “significantly higher incidence” of human lymphatic leukaemias among farmers in Midwest U.S. farming areas where there is also a high incidence of BLV. 


Dr Robert Strecker, the previously mentioned medical researcher and physician from Eagle Rock in the US, was widely quoted – mainly in the European, not American press – regarding his theory that AIDS is caused by a combination of sheep and cow (bovine) viruses.“The next question is, can bovine leukaemia virus get into vaccines, vaccines which are plugged directly into people’s bloodstreams?” Dr Strecker asked. “We have the strong possibility that the virus can be passed to humans. So let’s look at the vaccines.”[xii]“The first thing that ought to be done,” responded Dr Alex Thiermann (head of animal research at the US Department of Agriculture), “in the case of bovine immuno-deficiency virus which Mr Rifkin cites… is a test of human blood to see if signs appear that BIV is present. There is no current evidence that BIV does infect humans. Certainly, Mr Rifkin’s general question, which has to do with animal viruses causing AIDS, is a legitimate one. As far as BLV, bovine leukaemia is concerned, it might be worthwhile to examine vaccines, as he suggests, for signs of contamination… there is always a risk of contamination.”Ordinary cattle serum, a rich nutrient medium used for growing cell cultures and blood products (including vaccines) “can of course be contaminated with bovine viruses. It’s very hard to maintain purity of that serum,” according to Dr Thiermann.“That is why we have gone to using foetal bovine serum, a much purer method. It is extracted by tapping and bleeding unborn cow fetuses at slaughterhouses. On rare occasions, even this serum has shown signs of contamination.”[xiii] 
 
Contaminated Vaccines
 
 Perhaps Dr Thiermann was unaware that foetal bovine serum had been shown to be regularly contaminated with bovine viruses. This was demonstrated in a 1972 study, ‘Isolation and Characterization of Viruses from Fetal (sic) Calf Serum’, that was published in the journal In Vitro; 

               “Information on the possible presence of virus contaminants in bovine serums has obvious importance to all investigators, and in particular to vaccine manufacturers. Sixteen lots of commercial fetal calf serum were tested for bovine contamination. One isolated [finding] was unequivocally identified as bovine diarrhea virus.”  


“Hundreds and hundreds of millions of people inoculated – potentially getting bovine viruses in their bloodstreams.”  

               A subsequent issue of In Vitro from 1975 presents another relevant paper.          
   
   “Fifty-one lots of fetal bovine serum from fourteen suppliers were examined. Over 30% of the lots tested were found to contain bovine viruses; they included bovine diarrhea virus, parainfluenza type 3-like virus, bovine herpes virus 1, and an unidentified cytopathic agent [a microbe or toxin causing harm to cells – our emphases.]”           

     “Contamination of foetal bovine serum isn’t rare – it’s usual,” said Dr Strecker, who unearthed these studies. “If you were giving out grant money, wouldn’t you fund studies checking for bovine leaukaemia in the serum?           

     “Foetal bovine serum can be shot through with bovine viruses. These viruses get into all kinds of medical products, including vaccines. No one has bothered to find out how harmful this is to humans,” he said.            

    “In the case of smallpox vaccines and other vaccines, the problem is basically the same. Hundreds and hundreds of millions of people inoculated – potentially getting bovine viruses in their bloodstreams. The medical literature suggests that AIDS-like symptoms (the chimp experiment) or leukaemias can result from a few of these bovine viruses. But where is the concerned human rush to check all this out, to take on the task of seeing whether we’re being infected with very harmful agents? Nowhere?” he asks.[xiv] 

 To those who see this report as old news, it must be pointed out that these questions are still strangely unanswered. The issue has disappeared from the media. Most people consider it’s been proven that HIV emerged from apes in Africa. Yet many apes in laboratories had been injected with blood and ‘unknown cytopathic agents’ for many years – the same accident-prone labs that produced vaccines, in many cases. 

               BIV is the best candidate for being the precursor of the AIDS virus, according to Dr Strecker. He said HIV may be BIV adapted to humans.          
     
Matthew Gonda, contract worker for the US National Cancer Institute (NCI), released a paper at the June 3rd, 1987 International Conference on AIDS in Washington that indicated striking similarities between HIV and bovine immuno-deficiency virus.              

  “BIV is a different name for what has been called bovine Visna virus,” Rifkin said (Bovine Visna is quite possibly a cross between bovine leukaemia and a sheep Visna virus, which causes brain rot – a close relative or precursor to ‘mad cow disease’, which has a latency period of up to decades before symptoms show up in infected humans).             

   Dr Strecker unearthed another report from 1981 that stated “…a retrovirus assumed to be bovine Visna virus is a fairly common contaminant of foetal calf serum.”[xv] Also in 1981, Cedric Mims published an article in which he said there was a bovine virus contaminating culture media at the World Health Organisation.             

   According to Paul Meyer, a pathologist at USC, if you combined the effects bovine leukaemia has on cattle with the effects Visna has on sheep, “you would have a combined pathogenic effect like AIDS, assuming such a microbe existed and it could take up residence in humans.”[xvi]     

           An extensive 1987 survey of top US and Canadian scientists showed that a large proportion acknowledged that animal retrovirus contamination of medical products has been a serious problem. The problem hasn’t gone away and the questions haven’t been answered.       

         “It’s about time,” an anonymous Canadian virologist said in the 1987 report. “This is a scandal of major proportions. It’s been swept under the carpet for at least twenty years – this contamination business – and it’s turned into a potential nightmare as far as human health is concerned.”[xvii]     

       Another twenty years has passed.  

              In 1974 the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) recommended that “Scientists throughout the world join the members of this committee in voluntarily deferring experiments (linking) animal viruses.”

                 As we have all seen since, this was recommended for good reasons – and widely ignored.  -         


      

by R. Ayana  
      
       
  See
Section 1 Part 2 - Very Hard to Catch









[i]  From articles presented in The People’s Doctor and Australasian Health & Healing, Vol 7, No 2, December 1987
[ii]  Quoted from the front page of the London Times, 11-5-87
[iii]  New England Journal of Medicine, March 1987, & Reuter
[iv]  Dr Robert Gallo, co-discoverer of the first HIV strain, London Times 11-5-87
[v]  Dr Robert Strecker quoted in Reader, 7-8-1987 (L.A., USA) reprinted in Australasian Health & Healing, Vol 7, No 2, December 1987.
[vi]  Ibid, p.29
[vii]  Ibid, p. 25.
[viii]  Associated Press & The Times, via The Australian 14-6-88
[ix]  New York Times, Sydney Morning Herald 19-3-87
[x]  The Central African Journal of Medicine, April 1974, Vol 20 No 4 p 71
[xi]  Ibid, pp 75-78
[xii]  Reader, 7-8-87 (L.A., USA) reprinted in Australasian Health & Healing, Vol 7, No 2, December 1987.
[xiii]  Ibid, p 27
[xiv]  Ibid, p 28
[xv]  Microbiological Review, June 1981
[xvi]  Reader, 7-8-87 (L.A., USA) reprinted in Australasian Health & Healing, Vol 7, No 2, December 1987, p 28
[xvii]  Montreal Gazette, 31-7-87





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