"All the World's a Stage We Pass Through" – R. Ayana

Showing posts with label magic mushrooms. Show all posts
Showing posts with label magic mushrooms. Show all posts

Thursday, 24 July 2014

How Psychedelics Saved My Life

How Psychedelics Saved My Life

AmberBeach31

Amber Lyon is an Emmy Award-winning former CNN investigative news correspondent


by Amber Lyon



I invite you to take a step back and clear your mind of decades of false propaganda.  Governments worldwide lied to us about the medicinal benefits of marijuana.   The public has also been misled about psychedelics.

These non-addictive substances- MDMA, ayahuasca, ibogaine, psilocybin mushrooms, peyote, and many more- are proven to rapidly and effectively help people heal from trauma, PTSD, anxiety, addiction and depression.

Psychedelics saved my life.


My Experience with Anxiety and PTSD Symptoms

I was drawn to journalism at a young age by the desire to provide a voice for the ‘little guy’.  For nearly a decade working as a CNN investigative correspondent and independent journalist, I became a mouthpiece for the oppressed, victimized and marginalized.  My path of submersion journalism brought me closest to the plight of my sources, by living the story to get a true understanding of what was happening.


At a press conference exposing human rights abuses in Bahrain.   
Speaking at a press conference in Lebanon on the human rights abuses I witnessed while reporting in Bahrain.


After several years of reporting, I realized an unfortunate consequence of my style- I had immersed myself too deeply in the trauma and suffering of the people I’d interviewed.  I began to have trouble sleeping as their faces appeared in my darkest dreams. I spent too long absorbed in a world of despair and my inability to deflect it allowed the trauma of others to settle inside my mind and being.  Combine that with several violent experiences while working in the field and I was at my worst.   A life reporting on the edge had led me to the brink of my own sanity.

Because I could not find a way to process my anguish, it grew into a monster, manifesting itself into a constant state of anxiety, short-term memory loss, sleeplessness, and hyper arousal.  The heart palpitations made me feel like I was knocking on death’s door.


Why I Chose Psychedelic Drugs Medicines


While at CNN, I investigated human rights and environmental issues.


Prescription medications and antidepressants serve a purpose, but I knew they were not on my path to healing after my investigations exposed their sinister side effects including infants being born dependent on the medicines after their mothers couldn’t kick their addictions. Masking the symptoms of a deeper condition with a pill felt like putting a Band-Aid on bullet wound.

I was made aware of the potential healing powers of psychedelics as a guest on the Joe Rogan Experience podcast in October 2012.   Joe told me psychedelic mushrooms transformed his life and had the potential to change the course of humanity for the better. My initial reaction was one of amusement and somewhat disbelief, but the seed was planted.

Psychedelics were an odd choice for someone like me.  I grew up in the Midwest and was fed 30 years of propaganda explaining how horrible these substances were for my health.   You can imagine my jaw-dropping surprise when, after the Rogan podcast, I found articles on the prodigious effects of these substances that behave more like medicines than drugs.  Articles like this one, this, this , this, and this.   And studies such as this,  this, this, this, this… and this … all gut-wrenching examples of how we’ve been misled by authorities who classify psychedelics as schedule 1 narcotics that have ‘no medicinal value’ despite dozens of scientific studies proving otherwise.


Tripping Around the World

Having only ever smoked the odd marijuana joint in college, in March 2013 I found myself boarding a plane to Iquitos, Peru to try one of the most powerful psychedelics on earth.   I ditched my car at the airport, hastily packed my belongings in a backpack and headed down to the Amazon jungle placing my blind faith in a substance that a week ago I could hardly pronounce: ayahuasca.

Shamans, or healers, prepare the Ayahuasca brew by combining chacruna leaves, that contain the powerful psychedelic DMT, with the ayahuasca vine.  
The ayahuasca brew is prepared by combining chacruna leaves, that contain the powerful psychedelic DMT, with the ayahuasca vine.


Ayahuasca is a medicinal tea that contains the psychedelic compound dimethyltryptamine, or DMT.   The brew is rapidly spreading around the world after numerous anecdotes have shown the brew has the power to cure anxiety, PTSD, depression, unexplained pain, and numerous physical and mental health ailments.  Studies of long-term ayahuasca drinkers show they are less likely to face addictions and have elevated levels of serotonin, the neurotransmitter responsible for happiness.

If I had any reservations, doubts, or disbeliefs, they were quickly expelled shortly after my first ayahuasca experience. The foul-tasting tea vibrated through my veins and into my brain as the medicine scanned my body.  My field of vision became engulfed with fierce colors and geometric patterns.  Almost instantly, I saw a vision of a brick wall.  The word ‘anxiety’ was spray painted in large letters on the wall.  “You must heal your anxiety,” the medicine whispered.  I entered a dream-like state where traumatic memories were finally dislodged from my subconscious.

It was as if I was viewing a film of my entire life, not as the emotional me, but as an objective observer.   The vividly introspective movie played in my mind as I relived my most painful scenes- my parents divorce when I was just 4 years-old, past relationships, being shot at by police while photographing a protest in Anaheim and crushed underneath a crowd while photographing a protest in Chicago.  The ayahuasca enabled me to reprocess these events, detaching the fear and emotion from the memories.  The experience was akin to ten years of therapy in one eight-hour ayahuasca session.

On my mat before the ayahuasca ceremony begins.   
We wait nervously for the  ayahuasca ceremony to begin. We are given buckets for the intense abortive effects of the medicine.


But the experience, and many psychedelic experiences for that matter, was terrifying at times.  Ayahuasca is not for everyone- you have to be willing to revisit some very dark places and surrender to the uncontrollable, fierce flow of the medicine.  Ayahuasca also causes violent vomiting and diarrhea, which shamans call “getting well” because you are purging trauma from your body.

After seven ayahuasca sessions in the jungles of Peru, the fog that engulfed my mind lifted.  I was able to sleep again and noticed improvements in my memory and less anxiety.   I yearned to absorb as much knowledge as possible about these medicines and spent the next year travelling the world in search of more healers, teachers and experiences through submersion journalism.

I was drawn to try psilocybin mushrooms after reading how they reduced anxiety in terminal cancer patients.  The ayahuasca showed me my main ailment was anxiety, and I knew I still had work to do to fix it.  Psilocybin mushrooms are not neurotoxic, nonaddictive, and studies show they reduce anxiety, depression, and even lead to neurogenesis, or the regrowth of brain cells.  Why would governments worldwide keep such a profound fungi out of the reach of their people?

Lyon and a scientist cut open a fish stomach to inspect for plastic litter while filming a documentary on ocean pollution.   
The curandera blesses me as I consume a leaf full of psilocybin mushrooms for the healing ceremony.


After Peru, I visited curanderas, or healers,  in Oaxaca, Mexico.  The Mazatecs have used psilocybin mushrooms as a sacrament and medicinally for hundreds of years.  Curandera Dona Augustine served me a leaf full of mushrooms during a beautiful ceremony before a Catholic alter.   As she sang thousand year-old songs, I watched the sunset over the mountainous landscape in Oaxaca and a deep sense of connectivity washed over my whole being.  The innate beauty had me at a loss for words; a sudden outpouring of emotion had me in tears.   I cried through the night and with each tear a small part of my trauma trickled down my cheek and dissolved onto the forest floor, freeing me from its toxic energy.

Psilocybin mushrooms are not neurotoxic, non addictive, and a study shows they can repair brain damage from trauma.  
Psilocybin mushrooms are not neurotoxic, non-addictive, and a study from University of Southern Florida shows they can repair brain damage from trauma.


Perhaps most astounding, the mushrooms silenced the self-critical part of my mind long enough for me to reprocess memories without fear or emotion.  The mushrooms enabled me to remember one of the most terrifying moments of my career: when I was detained at gunpoint in Bahrain while filming a documentary for CNN.  I had lost any detailed recollection of that day when masked men pointed guns at our heads and forced my crew and I onto the ground.  For a good half an hour, I did not know whether we were going to survive.

I spent many sleepless nights desperately searching for memories of that day, but they were locked in my subconscious.   I knew the memories still haunted me because anytime I would see PTSD ‘triggers’, such as loud noises, helicopters, soldiers, or guns, a rush of anxiety and panic would flood my body.

The psilocybin was the key to unlock the trauma, enabling me to relive the detainment moment to moment, from outside of my body, as an emotionless, objective observer.  I peered into the CNN van and saw my former self sitting in the backseat, loud helicopters overhead.    My producer Taryn was sitting to the right of me frantically trying to close the van door as we tried to make an escape.  I heard Taryn scream “guns!” as armed masked men jumped out of the security vehicles surrounding the van.  I watched as I frantically dug through a backpack on the floor, grabbing my CNN ID card and jumping out of the van.  I saw myself land on the ground in child’s pose, dust covering my body and face.  I watched as I threw my hand with the CNN badge in the air above my head yelling “CNN, CNN, don’t shoot!!”

I saw the pain in my face as the security forces threw human rights activist and dear friend Nabeel Rajab against a security car and began to harass him.  I saw the terror in my face as I glanced down at my shirt, arms in the air, praying the video cards concealed on my body wouldn’t fall onto the ground.

During the ceremony the psilocybin unlocks traumatic memories stored deep in my subconscious so I can process them and heal.  The experience is intensely introspective.   
During the ceremony the psilocybin unlocks traumatic memories stored deep in my subconscious so I can process them and heal. The experience is intensely introspective.


As I relived each moment of the detainment, I reprocessed each memory moving it from the “fear” folder to its new permanent home in the “safe” folder in my brain’s hard drive.

Five ceremonies with psilocybin mushrooms cured my anxiety and PTSD symptoms.   The butterflies that had a constant home in my stomach have flown away.

Psychedelics are not the be-all and end-all.  For me, they were the key that opened the door to healing.  I still have to work to maintain the healing with the use of floatation tanks, meditation, and yoga.  For psychedelics to be effective, it’s essential they are taken with the right mindset in a quiet, relaxed setting conducive to healing, and that all potential prescription drug interactions are carefully researched.  It can be fatal if Ayahuasca is mixed with prescription antidepressants.

I was blessed with an inquisitive nature and a stubbornness to always question authority. Had I opted for a doctor’s script and resigned myself in the hope that things would just get better, I never would have discovered the outer reaches of my mind and heart. Had I drunk the Kool-Aid and believed that all ‘drugs’ are evil and have no healing value, I may still be in the midst of a battle with PTSD.


The Creation of Reset.me

This very world that glamorizes war, violence, commercialism, environmental destruction, and suffering has outlawed some of the most profound keys to inner peace.   The War on Drugs is not based on science.  If it was, two of the most deadly drugs on earth-alcohol and tobacco- would be illegal.  Those suffering from trauma have become victims of this failed war and have lost one of the most effective ways to heal.

Humanity has gone mad as a result.

Lyon and a scientist cut open a fish stomach to inspect for plastic litter while filming a documentary on ocean pollution.   
Lyon and a scientist cut open a fish stomach to inspect for plastic litter while filming a documentary on excessive ocean plastic pollution.


I spent ten years witnessing the collective insanity as a journalist on the frontlines- wars, bloodshed, environmental destruction, sex slavery, lies, addiction, anger, fear.

But I had it all wrong journalistically.  I had been focusing on the symptoms of an ill society, rather than attacking the root cause: unprocessed trauma.

We all have trauma.  Trauma rests in the violent criminal, the cheating spouse, the corrupt politician, those suffering from mental illness, addictions, inside those too fearful to take risks and reach their full potential.

If it’s not adequately processed and purged, trauma becomes cemented onto the hard drive of the mind, growing into a dark parasite that rears its ugly head throughout a person’s entire life.   The wounds keep us locked in a grid of fear, trapped behind a personality not true to the soul, working a mundane job rather than following a passion, repeating a cycle of abuse, destroying the environment, harming one another.  The most common and severe suffering is inflicted during childhood and hijacks the driver’s seat into adulthood, steering an individual down a road deprived of happiness.   Renowned addiction expert Gabor Mate says, “The major cause of severe substance addiction is always childhood trauma.”

We live in a world full of wounds and when left untreated, they’re unceremoniously handed from one generation to the next, so the cycle of trauma continues in all its destructive brutality.

But there’s hope.   We can transform the course of humanity by collectively purging our grief and healing at the individual level, with the help of psychedelic medicines.  Once we collectively heal at the individual level, we will see dramatic positive transformation in society as a whole.

I founded the website reset.me, to produce and aggregate journalism on consciousness, natural medicines, and therapies.  Psychedelic explorer Terrence McKenna compared taking psychedelics to hitting the ‘reset button’ on your internal hard drive, clearing out the junk, and starting over.  I created reset.me to help connect those who need to hit the ‘reset button’ in life with journalism covering the tools that enable us to heal.

It’s a human rights crisis psychedelics are not accessible to the general population.  It’s insane that governments worldwide have outlawed the very medicines that can emancipate our souls from suffering.

It’s time we stop the madness.


From reset.me @ http://reset.me/story/howpsychedelicssavedmylife/




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Tuesday, 24 June 2014

The New Synthetics: Notes from the front lines of the 21st century’s Great Mind Experiment

The New Synthetics
Notes from the front lines of the 21st Century’s Great Mind Experiment

 

By James L. Kent ·


Fifty years back, there was only one molecule known to be psychoactive in the microgram range: LSD. A microgram is one-millionth of a gram; a small dose is about 150 mcg, so a four-gram sugar cube of LSD would contain roughly 25,000 doses. A chunk the size of a golf ball would be able to keep all the hippies at Woodstock high for days. The fact that LSD is active in such small doses mystified everyone who knew anything about pharmacology, and also made it very scary to people in power.

Today, there are at least a dozen hallucinogens active in the microgram range, and none of them are illegal. They’ve been showing up on the street as “research chemicals,” made in underground labs or more commonly ordered from overseas suppliers via the Internet. Right now, there are only a handful of super-potent synthetics circulating on the street, but in the next few years there may be dozens, even hundreds. There will be too many new chemicals to test on animals, which means they’ll all be tested on human volunteers hoping to find the next great psychedelic or the next “smart drug” to fuel an evolution in human thinking. The 21st century’s Great Mind Experiment is well under way. You may already be a test subject.


Too Much Shit

Ben has one gram of 25-i in a drawer next to his bed. 25-i is a new synthetic hallucinogen that rivals LSD in potency. A strong dose is around 500 mcg, so one gram – barely a thimble of powder – contains well over 2,000 doses. The term “25-i” is another name for 2C-I-NBOMe, 25I-NBOMe, or what the news media call the “N-bomb,” a stupid name that nobody uses. Sometimes it’s referred to as “Smiles,” but people usually just call it “two-five-i,” “25-i” or “the eye” for short.

Ben has more of it than he knows what to do with. I suspect it was ordered over the Internet, but Ben snorts at this suggestion. Maybe he knows a chemist? He won’t say. For obvious reasons, Ben is paranoid. He’s not a drug dealer, but rather a college student with an interest in psychopharmacology. He’s tried 25-i three times – by itself, with a small dose of mushrooms and with a small dose of methoxetamine (a derivative of ketamine) – and now he has another 2,000 or so doses left. He doesn’t want to give it away, sell it, take it again or destroy it. He keeps moving it from hiding place to hiding place, hoping to forget about it. “It’s like a weird magnet,” Ben says. “I always know it’s there. I’m always worrying about what to do with it, that someone will find it. I’ve never had that much craziness all locked up in such a small space. It’s sketching me out.”

Ben is no stranger to weird drugs. He’s tried LSD, mushrooms, mescaline, DMT, MDMA and a variety of other chemicals and hallucinogens. But now he’s worried that taking too much 25-i has made him paranoid. At first, he wasn’t really sure it was the 25-i, but now he’s become obsessed with the idea, so he asks me if it’s possible.

“It’s possible, but hard to say,” I reply. “There is no research on 25-i, not even animal research.” And that, in a nutshell, is the core dilemma of the Great Mind Experiment. “If you have a gram of it in your house,” I say to Ben, “you are the test case in phase one of unregulated human trials. You tell me what the side effects are.” After that, I add, I’ll ask around and let him know if I hear of anyone else with similar symptoms.

https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2891/10188865105_86f062927a_h.jpgI find myself doing the job of a psychiatric researcher because there is no published literature on the long-term effects of repeated 25-i use, and people like Ben have nowhere to turn when the Great Mind Experiment goes off a cliff. 

They look to Internet resources – chat boards, discussion groups, sites like Erowid.org – and they contact underground writers like myself and Hamilton Morris for help, to see if we’ve heard the rumors of people OD’ing and going crazy, of arms falling off, of a batch of this being mislabeled and sold as that, or asking if a particular drug is being sold on blotter or in nose drops, and so on. “I used to know about every new drug,” Ben says. “I used to try every new drug that came around. But now… ” He blinks and shakes his head, thinking about that gram of 25-i radiating weirdness in his bedroom. “There’s just too much shit. Nobody can do it all.”


The Alphabetamines

Any history of designer psychedelics eventually comes back to Alexander Shulgin
, the first chemist to systematically synthesize hundreds of novel psychoactive compounds. All through the late ’80s and early ’90s, Shulgin used a brute-force methodology, working substitution methods like an algorithm, churning out new permutations of existing molecules sometimes as fast as one a day. He then tested each new substance on himself, first in microdoses and then in larger ones, until he could feel some kind of psychoactive effect, and recorded the results.

http://assets.hightimes.com/082313-new-synthetics-03.jpg

Shulgin produced two volumes of his research, PiHKAL and TiHKAL, which contained synthesis information on hundreds of new psychoactive compounds with names like 2C-B, 2C-C, 2C-T-7, 2C-E, 5-MeO-AMT, 5-MeO-DMT and so on, leading people in the research-chemical scene to dub them the “alphabet drugs” or “alphabetamines.”

By the turn of the century, the number of alphabet drugs on the street was multiplying. Research-chemical companies were operating openly on the Internet, selling unscheduled drugs as quickly as they could produce them. The authorities were slow but predictable in their response. Typically, new research chemicals are ignored until somebody shows up in an emergency room; then there’s a period of public outrage, a backlash in the media, and the DEA and local authorities move in to ban analog drugs and shut down Internet retailers.

The result is a never-ending game of Whack-a-Mole: They schedule one drug and another pops up. They take out one group of Internet suppliers, and overseas companies or anonymous online marketplaces like Silk Road pick up the traffic. The authorities can try to stifle research, but this is the 21st century – people do their own research and publish the results in open forums, or trade secrets with other chemists at annual psychedelic events like the MAPS conference or Horizons NY, where molecules are sketched on cocktail napkins and synthesis methods are discussed in hushed tones over appetizers. Today’s gearheads are still trading secrets about how to get more horsepower out of their engines; they’re just talking about a whole different kind of engine.


Roflcoptr

“The whole roflcoptr thing spawned a lot of conspiracy theories
,” says Hamilton Morris, a well-known writer who covers the drug subculture for Vice magazine. “It seems not so far-fetched to me that the arbitrary renaming of methoxetamine with the nonstandard spelling ‘roflcoptr’ was all some sort of carefully constructed marketing strategy.” Morris is referring to a notorious article in Mixmag that rechristened methoxetamine as “roflcoptr” for the first time and claimed it would make you lose control of your bowels.

Coincidentally, at the same time that the Mixmag article came out, a website selling roflcoptr (which may or may not stand for “Rolling on the Floor Laughing, Crapping, Our Pants Totally Ruined”) opened and started taking thousands of dollars in orders. When contacted by Morris, the operators of the site were savvy enough to have press articles ready for Vice but then immediately went on vacation and refused to respond to follow-up questions.

Morris followed the roflcoptr trail until it went cold, and with good reason: After all, he was the one who first alerted the world to the existence of methoxetamine when he published an interview in Vice with the chemist who’d created it a year earlier. Traditionally, the development of a new drug happens in an academic or research lab, the results are published in a peer-reviewed journal and then years of follow-up study are required before human testing. In the underground, when an amateur chemist creates a derivative of ketamine as an experiment, someone like Morris catches the story and writes it up for Vice, and a new synthetic is born.

Academia is more or less obsolete in this underground model, and trying to catch a new drug evolving in the wild is like a Discovery Channel for the mind. But before the Mixmag and Vice articles, roflcoptr was known as “MXE” in the Bluelight forums, where chemists go to trade esoteric information. MXE was spotted here first, before it escaped into the wild and was turned into the drug that makes you shit your pants. Like a Pokémon, the ketamine offshoot that Hamilton Morris made famous flew away and began reproducing in the wild. Gotta catch ’em all.


Hacking the Shulgin Algorithm

Although the so-called psychedelic effect of hallucinogens on the brain has long been a source of mystery
, it is now understood that two serotonin receptors are responsible for the majority of hallucinogenic action: the 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptor subtypes. Any drug that promotes activity at these receptors is likely to be hallucinogenic, producing the geometric grids, spirals, floating patterns and rainbows of color associated with tripping.

If one of Shulgin’s molecules hit these receptors, however, it was mainly by accident, since Shulgin had no way to predict or test the receptor affinity of the drugs he produced. But in a lab at the University of Purdue in Indiana, a pharmacology professor named David Nichols spent his career researching psychedelics to find the properties that make them hallucinogenic, and then having his team of grad students synthesize the UFP (or “ultra-fucking-pure”) variations of those drugs for testing in rats trained to recognize hallucinogens.

http://assets.hightimes.com/082313-new-synthetics-04_0.jpgMany breakthrough technical discoveries came out of Nichols’ lab, but they all essentially boil down to this: Drugs that act as agonists at the serotonin 2A and 2C receptor subtypes are likely to be hallucinogenic; if those drugs have amine tails locked in a specific angle, they are likely to be even more potent; if they have any number of substitutions on their open carbon positions, they are likely to be more potent still because they take longer to metabolize; and if they have certain substitutions on their amine tail – specifically a 2-methoxybenzyl group – they become super-potent like LSD (i.e., active in the microgram range), and their hallucinogenic receptor affinity goes through the roof.

Using Nichols’s discoveries, an amateur chemist can take any one of Shulgin’s hundreds of alphabet molecules like 2C-i, make a simple substitution to the amine tail, and turn it into 25I-NBOMe, a super- potent 5-HT2A agonist active at thousands of doses per gram. Now 25I-NBOMe is passed around on tabs and in droppers as 25-i, even though 25-i doesn’t necessarily imply the NBOMe variant – which can be confusing, but that’s the way drug shorthand naming often works.

25-i is cheaper and simpler to make than LSD. It can likewise be sold on blotter or in nasal drops or spray, and it’s being distributed at parties and festivals around the country right now – sometimes even as LSD. But 25-i is not LSD. It’s a bit speedier and doesn’t last quite as long; also, you have to snort it or hold it in your mouth for it to work, and it has a nasty taste. And 25-i is only one of many NBOMe-based compounds (like 25C-NBOMe and 25E-NBOMe) that have made their way to street-level distribution. These two dozen or so NBOMe compounds are just the beginning, because they’re the simplest to make. But the permutations are endless. There are also hundreds of existing drugs that can be tweaked to become 10 times more potent. These hypothetical drugs are out there waiting to be synthesized by industrious underground chemists; the only thing standing in their way is time and money.


The Froth of White Noise

It has become increasingly difficult to keep track of all the evolving threads of new synthetics
. When the overdose deaths of two North Dakota teens and actor Johnny Lewis, a Sons of Anarchy cast member, were blamed on 2C-i in September 2012, police and toxicologists were confused, because 2C-i is not generally known to cause overdoses. Was it really 2C-i, or was it 2C-I-NBOMe, a.k.a. 25-i? In the media confusion, the deaths were blamed on a drug called Smiles, clarifying nothing. A similar thing happened in 2009 when a batch of 2C-B-fly was sold as bromo-dragonfly, a totally different drug, which led to some very unfortunate overdoses. Which makes you wonder: Why are there two drugs named “-fly” in the same class, and isn’t having similar drugs named 2C-i and 25-i a little confusing?

Actually, it can be very confusing, and there’s no way of knowing what’s in the eye dropper, white powder or sheet of blotter going around, no way to know if it was labeled correctly or dissolved and mixed properly. Most people who try 25-i say it’s great – that it has all the hallucinogenic qualities of LSD without being too introspective, offers impressive visual patterns and a great body high, and doesn’t seem to cause lasting problems even in large doses. But there are a few people like Ben who took a bigger dose, got trapped in obsessive loops and became a little paranoid in the aftermath. And a handful of people looking for a good time have overdosed while snorting 25-i or mixing NBOMe chemicals with other drugs. Erowid.org currently has a notice warning people about deaths related to snorting 25-i. The lethal-dose range, or LD 50, for 25-i has not been established, but it’s safe to say there is one, and that it’s far lower than that of LSD.

Overdoses on new synthetics may be chipping away at the image of psychedelics as “safe” drugs for experimentation. Everyone knows it’s almost impossible to overdose on LSD or mushrooms, but recent evidence has shown that 25-i is much less forgiving. The uncertainty over potentially dangerous new chemicals is spreading fear in the underground dance scene, which has seen a shift away from dabbling in super-potent research chemicals and back toward embracing good old MDMA – “ecstasy” when sold in pills, “molly” when sold as powder. At one point, it was impossible to tell what was in those party pills, and all kinds of adulterants crept in, from ketamine to caffeine, ephedrine, meth – you name it. These days, testing kits are available from DanceSafe.org and other harm-reduction groups that will tell you if your pill or powder contains pure MDMA. Or you can send a sample to EcstasyData.org; they’ll test it for you and publish the results online.

Finding pure MDMA is safer and easier than ever before, but unknown compounds like MXE, NBOMe chemicals and alphabet drugs are often too obscure and scary for the recreational user. It’s impossible to keep track of the safe-dosage range for each new drug, and ever-willing test subjects often go into the Great Mind Experiment with the casual bravado of “Let’s see what happens now… ” Usually, the only thing that happens is that everyone has a good time – but any new drug may surprise you. Even the synthetic weed substitutes being sold as Spice or K2 or Potpourri at gas stations can pack a nasty punch, causing hallucinations, rapid heartbeat and panic attacks, leading to emergency-room visits. In many cases, nobody knows what’s in the synthetic pot packets – not the guy selling it, not the toxicologist writing up the overdose report, not the reporters writing the news articles, and especially not the people buying and smoking the product.


The Big Unknown
https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5349/9819064716_6680a05f10_h.jpg When I follow up with Ben a few weeks later, he tells me that his paranoia is gone and that he’s been experimenting with tiny doses of 25-i again. He’s taken a small pinch of powder – about 100 doses’ worth – and put it into a solution in a nostril sprayer that can deliver a weak or strong dose depending on the number of pumps. 

With the pump spray, he can precisely measure the dose, so he isn’t worried about doing too much – but now he’s paranoid that the cap will break and a hundred doses of super-potent psychedelic juice will spill all over the place. He’s also found out that 25-i is still legal in his state, so the paranoia of getting busted has lifted, even though there’s an ongoing federal case to prosecute 25-i under the Federal Analog Act, and it has already been made illegal in four Southeastern states. He says he wants to try 25C-NBOMe next: It’s supposed to be shorter-lasting than 25-i, but much harder to find. Ben puts it on his list of more shit to try.

“This is one of the riskiest, wide-scale health experiments in all of human history,” says Dave Nichols, now retired from the Purdue University lab where he and his grad students tested the “ultra-fucking-pure” 25I-NBOMe compounds on rats. “People contact me and tell me that they really enjoy these compounds, or that a chemical we designed in our lab provided a nice experience, but nobody knows what the long-term effects are. They could cause kidney or liver damage, cancer, or who knows what. It’s just a big unknown.”

While talking to Nichols, I type “buy MDPV” into a search engine and find dozens of sites selling research chemicals, some of which I don’t recognize. I rattle off a list of compounds for sale from a Chinese lab, including AM-2201, 4-FMA and 6-APB. “6-APB is a compound from my lab,” says Nichols with exasperation. He designed 5-APB and 6-APB to test the two oxygen positions in MDA for hallucinogenic receptor affinity, then tested those drugs on rats. When Nichols found that the APBs were hallucinogenic in rat experiments, he published the results. 6-APB never existed before the Nichols lab designed it in 2006 and was never tested on humans, but it has recently been discovered in the wild being sold under the name “Benzo Fury.” It comes complete with a logo, a professionally printed foil package and everything else needed for mass-volume retail sales. Another synthetic evolves, grows wings and takes on a life of its own.


[Author’s note: As this story was being filed, the United Kingdom passed an emergency 12-month ban on Benzo Fury and 25I-NBOMe.]

James L. Kent is the author of Psychedelic Information Theory: Shamanism in the Age of Reason and the host of the DoseNation.com podcast.


From High Times @ http://www.hightimes.com/read/new-synthetics


For more information about psychedelics see http://nexusilluminati.blogspot.com/search/label/hallucinogens
- See ‘Older Posts’ at the end of each section


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Tuesday, 18 February 2014

Magic Mushrooms: A Catalyst for Human Evolution

Magic Mushrooms:
A Catalyst for Human Evolution

 http://fractalenlightenment.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/magic_mushroom_by_jondale.jpg

 



It was a glorious morning in late August when me and my friends went mushroom hunting in the meadows in the outskirts of my place in Mexico. We searched in the patches of tall grass left uneaten by the cows that looked at us uninterested while ruminating. Hidden inside these tall patches of grass, there were large bodies of cow dung.

Mushrooms feed on cellulose, that is why they grow there. Cellulose is broken down by the cow’s digestive system to facilitate the growth of mushrooms, and it is the excess of nitrogen in the soil around the dung that keeps the cows away from eating the grass.

We collected the mushrooms filled with a mix of veneration and enthusiasm and then proceeded to a nearby forest where we ingested them. I had taken a couple of psychedelics before, but nothing had such a strong effect as these mushrooms. Gradually, geometrical patterns of previous unseen hues and of complicated shapes twirled and tinkled. My body felt a bit like rubber and I was yawning a lot. Everything seemed to breathe and was alive and conscious. When I went into a deeper stage, there was no longer an “I” but a “we” – me, my friends and the forest became a single unity, rejoicing in the mystery of existence.

Even though the effect of mushrooms has now long faded away, the insight that I gained from the experience is still with me: I carry it around as precious wisdom. It was a life-changing experience. It really was!

R. Gordon Wasson, an American author and ethnomycologist, played a vital role in spreading awareness of the existence of psychoactive mushrooms to a wide audience. He, like me, was profoundly touched by his first experience with magic mushrooms. It steered his life towards the study of the relationship between mushrooms and humanity (ethno-mycology). He soon discovered that the magic mushrooms, that can be categorized as psychedelics, have a long and important relationship with mankind.

Amanita Muscaria mushroomFor example, the Aztecs and Mayans incorporated its usage in their rituals of worshiping, divination and even, just for the fun of it. Similarly, the people of Siberia had a religious relationship with the mushroom Amanita Muscaria.

Here in Mexico if you take a look at the 100 peso bill, one can see how the usage of these mushrooms are incorporated into the culture of the inhabitants before the Spanish came. A statue of Xochipilli can be seen on the bill, sitting down, in ecstasy, displaying ominous wise eyes. He is the Aztec god of art, games, beauty and flowers and on his skin we can see the image of various entheogens used by the Aztecs, like the mushroom and other ethnobotanicals.

Wasson got hold of an essay by Richard Shultes, an ethnobotanist and a psychedelic pioneer, where he described the existence of magic mushrooms and of people who were using them in a ritualistic manner. He went to Mexico to pursue the validation of his thesis.

In Huatla, Oaxaca, he met the legendary healer Maria Sabina and attended one of her healing ceremonies called velada (roughly translates into evening event) where he experienced the “childrens” as Maria Sabina called them with affection.





Gordon Wasson receiving mushrooms from Maria Sabina
Gordon Wasson receiving mushrooms from Maria Sabina


Wasson then published his findings in Life magazine in 1957, featuring him on the cover. This was the moment when the existence of these mushrooms gained attention by the general public. It subsequently sparked interest among many hippies and psychonauts, who traveled to Mexico in pursuit of these magic mushrooms.

Wasson also postulated that an ancient drink called soma, was actually made out of a magic mushroom. As we can see from the following quote, it seems to have given the drinkers many insights and made them have some sort of metamorphosis:

“We have drunk Soma and become immortal; we have attained the light, the Gods discovered.
Now what may foeman’s malice do to harm us? What, O Immortal, mortal man’s deception? (Rigveda (8.48.3))”


Soma is important because it is a crucial source of inspiration for the people who wrote the Vedas, ancient texts that originated in India, making up the oldest scriptures of Hinduism (around 1st century B.C).

The other thesis is described in the book “The Road to Eleusis” (having Albert Hoffman, the discoverer of LSD and C.A.P. Ruck as a collaborators). He makes the hypothesis that a drink called ‘kykeon’ was similarly made out of a fungal parasite of barley called ergot (it contains LSA, the precursor of LSD). Similar to the Soma, this drink allowed people to peek into the after-life.

Eleusinian-Mysteries-greece
The Eleusinian Mysteries were initiation ceremonies held every year for the cult of Demeter and Persephone based at Eleusis in ancient Greece


This drink seem to be used during the Eleusinian Mysteries (initiation ceremonies held every year for the cult of Demeter and Persephone based at Eleusis in ancient Greece). We do not know much about it since it was a well-kept secret and those who divulged the core ritual received death penalty. What we do know, is that this festival was a fundamental part of the ancient Greek culture.

Terence McKenna, another mushroom enthusiast, also hypothesized that the Eleusinian Mysteries took place under the effect of some substance that came from mushrooms (although he thought that they were some sort of Psilocybe kind). He said that the mushroom was not only a part of ancient cultures, but the very reason behind our advanced cognitive capacities.

His theory is often referred as the “Stoned Ape Theory of Human Evolution”. He theorized that the Homo Sapiens stumbled onto the species Psilocybe Cubensis and started ingesting. The effects of the mushroom that address fundamental facets help us become Homo Sapiens by modulation, our sense of ego, for example, promoting social bonding; similarly, language, could have triggered something in our psyche that allowed us to reach a fundamentally higher level of communication.






Nowadays psilocybin, one of the main alkaloids that most magic mushrooms have, is being researched for its medical uses. Research has shown that it can certainly help patients with terminal diseases come to terms with life. Also, it can help get rid of depression, anxiety and other unnecessary psychological habits.




Microscopic-view-of-mycelium
Microscopic view of Mycelium


Mushrooms are truly wonderful beings. What we usually consider to be a mushroom, for example, the ones we buy in the supermarket, are actually just their fruiting bodies. Their purpose is the dispersing of spores in to its surroundings; but if we look underground, we find that under the fruiting body there are complex networks of interlocking tubular cells called mycelium.

They grow from the mushroom’s spores, and quickly become a happy community of selfless cells that work in harmony towards their goals. Nutrients and cellular compounds travel along these tubular networks to help the growth of mushrooms, aimed at the abortion of further nutrients. Yes, but why would a mushroom put so much of its energy into producing a substance that has no benefit to it?

I like to think that it is their gift to us, in order to open our mind and heart. It is the realization that we can be like mushrooms, to work as a community, that’s what we learn when we eat them. Rather than being separate beings from one another, we are fundamentally united: Interdependence is more important than independence to archive realization in a broader scale. Our actions spread like spores do, let us put some good vibes into it. The cosmic sacrament with magic mushrooms is available to us as a gift from the mushroom kingdom, let us be ready for it, let us allow the mushroom to give us their wisdom!


References:

Richard Schultes
Grodon Wasson
Terence McKenna
General Mushroom Knowledge
Image Source:
Maria Sabinas Picture
Mycelium
Mushroom Drawing
Eleusian Mysteries
Starry night
Amanita muscaria


From Fractal Enlightenment @ http://fractalenlightenment.com/18458/culture/magic-mushrooms-a-catalyst-for-human-evolution


For more information about entheogens (previously known as hallucinogens) see http://nexusilluminati.blogspot.com/search/label/entheogens
- See ‘Older Posts’ at the end of each section


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