Evidence that Australian First Nations peoples were the
first Americans?
Tribes in the Amazon found to be
most closely related
Brazilian
natives of the Pareci tribe. - Native Brazilian people like the Xavante (above)
may owe much of their origins to the ancestors of Aborigines in Australasia.
Two other tribes, the Suruí and the Karitiana, were also found to have a
similar genetic ancestry More images of the Xavante Tribe
(link is external)
- Were Aborigines the first Americans? Native tribes in the Amazon found to be most closely related to indigenous Australians
- Genetic study finds three native Amazonian tribes share more DNA with Australian Aborigines than any other present-day population
- Study suggests Aboriginal ancestors may have colonised South America
- It challenges theories of how Native Americans first arrived in the Americas
by Richard
Gray
It was a continent thought to have been uninhabited by humans until around 15,000 years ago when the 'First Americans' came across a tiny strip of land over the Bering Strait.
A new genetic study, however, is threatening to transform theories about who the original Native Americans were after finding certain tribes in the Amazon are related to Aborigines in Australia.
Geneticists
have found that Native American tribes living in the Amazon are most closely
related to Aborigines from Australia, Papau New Guinea and the Andaman Islands,
as shown in the image above, where warm colours show the greatest level of
genetic affinity. White circles show populations with no genetic link
Researchers found people belonging to the Suruí, Karitiana and Xavante peoples in the Amazon are more closely related to indigenous populations in Australasia than any other modern group.
Australian Aborigines, together with indigenous populations in New Guinea and the Andaman Islands, are thought to be descended from one of the earliest groups of modern humans to migrate out of Africa around 60,000 years ago.
ABORIGINES HAVE WORLD'S OLDEST ORAL HISTORY
Traditional stories passed down through generations by Australian Aborigines may be among the oldest accurate oral histories in the world.
Researchers believe these stories could constitute some of the oldest accurate oral histories in the world, passing through some 300 generations.
They are using them to map how the continent may have looked around 10,000 years ago.
Oral folklore tells how the Great Barrier Reef once formed part of the coastline of north east Queensland, while Port Phillip Bay in Victoria was once a rich place for hunting kangaroo and opossum.
Researchers have found other stories from all over the continent that mirror how the landscape dramatically changed towards the end of the last ice age.
They say at this time sea levels rose as a result of the melting of the huge ice caps that covered much of the northern hemisphere around 10,500 years ago.
They are thought to have been a sea faring people who were able to hop between the islands that extend from Asia to Australia.
Native
South Americans in Brazil by Giulio Ferrario, 1823-1838
The new findings suggest their descendants may have ranged far further and could have crossed the vast ocean expanse between Australia and south America.
However, the researchers say they could have also travelled across ice sheets to the north.
Professor David Reich, a geneticist at Harvard Medical School who led the study, said: 'It's incredibly surprising.
'There's a strong working model in archaeology and genetics, of which I have been a proponent, that most Native Americans today extend from a single pulse of expansion south of the ice sheets—and that's wrong.
'We missed something very important in the original data.
'About 2 per cent of the ancestry of Amazonians today comes from this Australasian lineage that's not present in the same way elsewhere in the Americas.'
The researchers, whose work is published in the journal Nature, analysed the DNA from 21 Native American populations in Central and South America.
An indigenous Xavante midwife
(Agência Brasil)
(Agência Brasil)
They found the Tupí-speaking Suruí people who first came into contact with the modern world in 1969, the Karitiana tribe, who live in western Amazon, and the Ge-speaking Xavante people in Eastern Brazil, all had genetic links to indigenous Australians.
Native Brazilian people like the Xavante (above) may owe much of their origins to the ancestors of Aborigines in Australasia. Two other tribes, the Suruí and the Karitiana, were also found to have a similar genetic ancestry
However, the scientists could not find any other traces in other Native American groups in South, Central or North America.
The researchers say the genetic signals do not match any population known to have contributed to Native American ancestry and the geographic pattern cannot be explained by post-colonial European, African or Polynesian mixture with Native Americans.
Instead they believe the genetic link may be as old as the first human populations to colonise the continent.
It raises the prospect that the Aborigine populations may even have been living in the area before Native Americans arrived.
The researchers say their findings echo suggestions that skeletons of early Native Americans found in Brazil have skulls that have Australasian features. The researchers have now named the mystery ancestors as Population Y after the after the Tupí word for ancestor, 'Ypykuéra'.
Dr Pontus Skoglund a geneticist at Harvard Medical School who was part of the team, said: 'We don't know the order, the time separation or the geographical patterns.
'We've done a lot of sampling in East Asia and nobody looks like this. It's an unknown group that doesn't exist anymore.
'It suggests there was a greater diversity of the founding populations of the Americas than was previously thought. It was previously completely unknown.'
From Daily Mail
(Mainline) UK 23 July 2015 via Sovereign
Union @ http://sovereignunion.mobi/content/evidence-first-nations-peoples-were-first-americans-tribes-amazon-found-be-most-closely
Aboriginal Australians Linked To Amazonians
One study led by David Reich of Harvard University was published in the journal Nature. David Reich and his colleagues concluded that there could have been multiple migrations from Siberia to the Americas. They said the first migration from Siberia that occurred about 15,000 years ago consisted of two different groups: the First Americans and Population Y. Researchers said the Population Y could have arrived before, after or around the same time as First Americans.
David Reich concluded that Population Y "carried ancestry more closely related to indigenous Australians, New Guineans and Andaman Islanders than to any present-day Eurasians or Native Americans.” The term 'Population Y' is derived from Ypykuéra, which means ancestor in the Tupi language spoken by two Amazonian tribes, the Karitiana and Surui.
These tribes show strong connections to Australasians. However, Reich stressed that there was no "unmixed population" related to Australasians that came to the Americas. He said the Population Y contributed Australasian genes to the Amazonian tribes. This group was mixed with a Native American lineage by the time it reached the Amazon. Harvard scientists said about 85% ancestry in Amazonian tribes came from the Population Y, while just 1-2% came from Australasians.
Danish group disagrees on the source of ancestry
Another study conducted by researchers at the University of Copenhagen was published in the Science magazine. Danish scientists also found links between Australasian DNA and that of Amazonian tribes. However, this study argues that the Australasian DNA came to the Americas 9,000 years ago rather than 15,000 years claimed by the Harvard study.
The Danish study concluded that Australasian DNA reached the Americas via Aleutian Islanders, who also carried DNA characteristics of Aboriginal Australians.
For more information about indigenous Australians see http://nexusilluminati.blogspot.com/search/label/australian%20aborigines
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