"All the World's a Stage We Pass Through" R. Ayana

Showing posts with label fire from water. Show all posts
Showing posts with label fire from water. Show all posts

Monday, 11 January 2016

Water – Fuel of the Future Today


Water – Fuel of the Future Today
The Future of Energy Is Here

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By Michael Rome


Back in the 70s a scientist named Yull Brown discovered an amazing amount of energy within water.  He found this energy using a well modified form of electrolysis.  Brown studied the unique properties of this energy as well as gave a hypothesis as to what it consisted of.  This new form of energy became known as Brown’s Gas, as is even to this day.             

However, the hypothesis submitted by Brown proved incorrect time and time again.  It is a well known fact now that electrolysis cannot produce the energy documented in Brown’s experiments.  Electrolysis, by its very definition, consists of the transfer of electrons [which would occur at the electrodes], thereby creating known forms of H and O as dictated by The Laws of Electrolysis.  Regardless, there remained unaccounted for, an energy source far beyond any limits of known hydrogen and oxygen.  This undefined energy source has been my definition and use of the term Browns Gas and not the hypothesized version Dr. Brown gave.  I have always held true to the fact that, whatever form this was, it could not be any version of H and O containing monatomic or diatomic structures.  I was also certain it did not arise from electrolysis, for that would cancel out any energy finally available after great losses. 

My definition and use of the term Browns Gas, or HHO, is naming the unsolved properties within the water molecule. I was still giving credit to Dr. Brown because he did observe this energy first regardless of whether it was created by accident or an unintended byproduct.  Dr. Brown was not aware how the modified electrolysis created the new energy source, but thanks to my Proton Theory, we know now.  It was never the electrolysis portion of the reaction which created ‘Browns Gas’, instead it was the electromagnetic radiation produced by the charged electrodes.  Any product that came in contact with the plates became part of the electrolysis ‘waste’.  The remaining product only affected by EMR became the real Browns Gas.  This product is, as I have just discovered through fault by association, should NOT be labelled Browns Gas less it be categorized alongside the failed hypothesis given by Yull Brown bearing the same name.

The upside to this realization is another wonderful discovery regarding water.  The product containing all the potential energy within water is nothing other than; water.  What is the difference is that this form is actually the fourth state of water, PLASMA.  Water has never been observed in the plasma state [and realized at the time], therefore its structure is unknown.  My Proton Theory describes how the transition occurs as well as what must be avoided so that electrolysis cannot be initiated.  Water in its plasma form is the source of the most energetic potential within the smallest volume of space we have yet to discover.

With my theory we can now move ahead to design the most efficient system that changes water to plasma state while simultaneously providing the proper environment so that the newly created ions can become attracted to each other and not carried away separately. 

Until update is completed, please note any reference using the term ‘Browns Gas’ is to be understood as this final state of water containing its full potential.  All subsequent work will include the correct references as well as details on plasma water.


From The Future of Energy @ http://www.brownsgas.info/


http://www.waterwelder.com/ppt/what%20is/img003.gif 

The Proton Theory of Brown's Gas: Accounting for the Energies in Water

 

An overall summary of Michael Rome's "proposed Proton Theory that identifies the true energy within water as well as giving Brown's Gas a defined structure and composition, one that accounts for its documented energy and properties."

Preface by Sterling D. Allan


On Oct. 29, Michael Rome wrote:

I have been researching in the field about 8 years now and have reached a point where I need to get the information out. I have found exactly what HHO is made of and precisely how to produce it. More importantly I have found the true energy in water that was never discovered. I have an almost complete scientific theory I want published, as well as to inform all those like me, it will make the fuel cell process almost perfect. If you would like to be a part of these discoveries please respond and I will send you a brief overview.

I have so much I've discovered I'm thinking maybe of making several CDs to fit it all. Thank you hope to hear back.


He subsequently launched a website, http://www.Brown'sgas.info, and posted this introductory article: 


The Proton Theory: Accounting for the Energies in Water

 http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4125/4833482995_1e30501e39_b.jpg

Plaque on the wall of Yull Brown's workshop - Image: R, Ayana


by Michael Rome
email: mrome@Brown'sgas.org


One common thread in all growing fields of alternative energy sources is the necessity for those interested to understand the basic principles and to be able to predict the outcomes. The latter is imperative because it sets consistent parameters so that using the energy source becomes predictable and easy to apply. The standards of gasoline ensure all that use it know its power and capabilities. This order allows us to design a system it works efficiently with. One gallon of gas in Louisiana has the same properties as a gallon in China. Consistency is the key in energy sources.

However, in order to design a consistent energy source, one must first understand its basic principles. Even with obvious irrefutable physical evidence, such as in the situation with Brown’s Gas, the technology cannot advance into popularity until THE question is answered completely; “How does it work?” If the resulting energy output cannot be justified by the process that produced it, then the technology falls into 'pseudo' or 'fringe' science and is called over unity/ perpetual motion. Of course, by witnessing the physical outputs, we know this process works, yet for others, the 'How' must be justified before they accept it.

Common uneducated thought assumes that if something appears to break the Laws of physics, then it is either not real, doesn't work, or is not efficient. In fact, nothing breaks the Laws of physics; these Laws are not a borderline that once crossed, the technology fails to work. Rather, the Laws are proof that something is really working. If something must defy the Laws of Physics in order to operate, it simply does not operate. The mere fact of its operation, efficient or not, proves it obeys the Laws. The Laws of physics guide us to investigate deeper until all variables have been accounted for.

There is no such thing as 'over unity'. The concept was the product of an incomplete understanding of a process where one could not account for every variable associated with it. Often times, not every detail of a reaction is seen or understood. When one claims over unity or perpetual motion, they have not accounted for everything seen, unseen, unknown, undiscovered. Such is the largely debated energy source, Brown’s Gas, which is produced from water. It is easy to account for the electrical energy applied to the fuel cell, yet the output far exceeds this minuscule amount. What is not considered, or even understood, is that the water added to the cell contains the rest of the energy.

The necessity and desire to understand this massive amount of potential energy in water has been the driving force behind the proposal of my Proton Theory. This undiscovered potential energy contained in the water molecule is so massive that it is no wonder why no living organism can live without it.



The Basics


To become proper Brown’s Gas, water must first be broken down into its basic components
without forming unwanted structures (diatomic or monatomic forms). None of water’s components can bond with anything else until they are completely freed from their relations within the molecule’s structure. This first and foremost is accomplished by using sophisticated electronic circuitry, as well as unique electrode and cell materials, designed solely for the purpose of not allowing any product to come in physical contact with the electrodes. From this detail, no electrons are exchanged, which ultimately allows the cell to produce proper Brown’s Gas efficiently. The electrodes draw on the polar properties of the water molecule, which pull hydrogen in one direction and oxygen in the other. At this precise time in the reaction, Brown’s Gas is produced; but only if excess current or energy does not exist to draw the gas’s components to the electrodes.

Water consists of two separate (and not bonded together) hydrogen that share electrons with one oxygen. The hydrogen in water is called protium, and it does not posses a neutron. The electron which it shares is on its first orbital shell and on the second orbital shell of the oxygen. Ionization Energies teach us how likely an atom will gain or lose an electron on each of its electron shells. In this instance, oxygen's ionization energy on its second shell is almost three times stronger than hydrogen's first (and only) shell [3388kJ/mol vs 1312kJ/mol respectively]. This ultimately dictates the first steps of water's disassociation. These immediate atomic forms, produced via polar forces of the electrodes and being determined though ionization energy, are the actual components of Brown's Gas.



The Product


http://imgusr.tradekey.com/p-5268444-20110427071712/small-size-portable-brown-gas-generator-hho-gas-generator.jpg
The protium once sharing their only electrons with the oxygen breaks from the bonds with their electrons (as well as its bond with the shared O electron). The resulting product is H+, a simple and free proton; pure energy. The oxygen which retains both electrons from the two protium, now has a full outer electron shell, and is the oxygen ion O-2[oxide]. To this point, the least amount of energy has been used [ionization energy of hydrogen’s 1st shell] to remove the protons from their bonds to electrons, and the simplest most stable forms have been created, including a desired full outer shell [for oxygen].

These forms can be proven by not only considering basic fundamentals of chemistry, but with simple physics as well. Once the protons of protium are no longer forcing the electrons to remain stationary, the valence electrons of the O-2 by their nature begin to orbit freely. The Protons [H+] remain close, attracted to the negative charge of the oxide, without bonding back again [until the gas is activated]. The energy levels of electrons in the second orbital can help us to understand one of the many energy forms observed in Brown’s Gas. The [8] orbiting electrons on the O-2 have a specific mass [9.11X10-31Kg each] while the shell they are in has a specific energy level [3.485X10-18J]. These constants can give us the total amount of kinetic energy produced by the valence electrons. This kinetic energy is utilized as Brown’s Gas [and] is activated when 'ignited' and aimed at a substance.


As the gas is consumed, the H+ are forced into the electron shell of the oxide and cause all motion to halt immediately and reform water. The basics of inertia, Newton's Law of Motion, and the Laws of Conservation of mass and energy describe what happens next. When the cumulative mass of the electrons at such speeds are forced to either stop orbiting or change their motion, this enormous amount of kinetic energy must go somewhere, much like a bullet traveling at high speeds transfers its kinetic energy upon impact. Although this kinetic energy is present when other similar bonds are made [such as O2 forming], it is normally dissipated and not useable. However, in the unique structure of Brown’s gas, the free protons that have attracted to surround the oxide become a rigid backbone of the gas limiting its movements and concentrating this kinetic electron energy in a manner that we can harness.

This massive amount of kinetic energy [subatomic] existed prior to the disassociation of water as potential energy within the molecule. True to the Laws of science, all matter and energy can be accounted for both before and after the reaction. All that was altered was the structural relations of water's components. This allows the potential energy in water to become kinetic and available for use. The many other forms of energy can now be calculated and hypothesized on once this simple and fundamental truth is understood. It can also help [to] explain why almost all life forms require water, which has no apparent nutritional value. This specific process may be used by all life to sustain energy levels critical for survival. It is not the H2 and O2 structures that biological reactions require, but a simpler more energetic one; the energy dubbed Brown’s Gas.



Reactions with Matter


In summary, considering the kinetic energy these findings have identified
are, in fact, subatomic, it stands to reason why this energy source has such unique effects on any substance it contacts. The components of Brown’s Gas are much smaller in size than most material it is applied to. It can easily penetrate into the molecular structures [nuclei even] of these objects and apply to it massive amounts of kinetic energy. This, coupled with the fact that these subatomic particles and ions are electrically charged, explains why this gas has countless electrical and thermal properties.

In addition to the precise penetrations, Brown’s Gas is reductive [implosive] in nature, therefore, it does not scatter or destroy the material it affects. Instead, it draws the molecules/atoms closer in, further concentrating the energy released into an area 1860 times smaller than the gas itself. Gasoline is nowhere comparable, as it expands and scatters its energy to an area 25 times larger than itself. This property of BG allows formations which normally would be impossible given other circumstances. In one such reaction, Brown’s gas turns feldspar into moonstone, or corundum into ruby. Naturally high pressures are required to offset the explosive/expansive forces of the thermal energy present. Instead, a 'vacuum' of sorts offsets this need, making it quite easy to accomplish what otherwise takes centuries, if not millennia, to achieve.



Summary


As one is well aware, my focus of research and investigations
into my proposed theory has been defining the true structure of Brown’s Gas; so that in clarifying what it is, we can justify, predict, and/or quantify the true energy contained in water. This theory removes any guessing or assuming what it is in order to prove how it works. So much research and discoveries have been accumulating since Yull Brown discovered this energy source and what it can do. I felt compelled to compound on this technology and solidify the physical results. Although this energy and its properties are nothing short of amazing and mind boggling, its basic foundation is extremely simple; perhaps the simplest to date. There is no 'over unity', no perpetual motion, no defying Laws of science to put out more than what was put in.

Every step to harness the true power in water consists of basic science. Once this process is better understood, more advances can be made in fuel cell design as well as applications of the energy. The original discovery of water disassociation using electrolysis 200 years ago holds true today, yet it would take today’s technology to discover that, with proper and specific design requirements, one could create a far better system with a far more powerful product.

In essence, the long standing formula [2H2O ↔ 2H2 + 2O2] is correct, but it is not the first nor only way. Now, we find that [H2O ↔ 2H+ + O-2], and it is this structure that can change all we 'knew' about water and its energy.



http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4130/4833482989_48e8829653_b.jpg
The late Geoff Moxham and the late Yull Brown - Image: R. Ayana


For more information about Brown’s Gas see http://nexusilluminati.blogspot.com/search/label/browns%20gas
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Sunday, 5 January 2014

Water Fuelled Cars: The Stanley Meyer Fuel Cell

Water Fuelled Cars
The Stanley Meyer Fuel Cell


 


Eye-witness accounts suggest that US inventor Stanley Meyer has developed an electric cell which will split ordinary tap water into hydrogen and oxygen with far less energy than that required by a normal electrolytic cell.

In a demonstration made before Professor Michael Laughton, Dean of Engineering at Mary College, London, Admiral Sir Anthony Griffin, a former controller of  the British Navy, and Dr Keith Hindley, a UK research chemist. Meyer's cell, developed at the inventor's home in Grove City, Ohio, produced far more hydrogen/oxygen mixture than could have been expected by simple electrolysis.

Where normal water electrolysis requires the passage of current measured in amps, Meyer's cell achieves the same effect in milliamps. Furthermore, ordinary tap water requires the addition of an electrolyte such as sulphuric acid to aid current conduction; Meyer's cell functions at greatest efficiency with pure water.

According to the witnesses, the most startling aspect of the Meyer cell was that it remained cold, even after hours of gas production.

Meyer's experiments, which he seems to be able to perform to order, have earned him a series of US patents granted under Section 101. The granting of a patent under this section is dependent on a successful demonstration of the invention to a Patent Review Board.

Meyer's cell seems to have many of the attributes of an electrolytic cell except that it functions at high voltage, low current rather than the other way around. Construction is unremarkable. The electrodes --- referred to as "excitors" by Meyer --- are made from parallel plates of stainless steel formed in either flat or concentric topography. Gas production seems to vary as the inverse of the distance between them; the patents suggest a spacing of 1.5 mm produces satisfactory results.

The real differences occur in the power supply to the cell. Meyer uses an external inductance which appears to resonate with the capacitance of the cell --- pure water apparently possesses a dielectric constant of about 5 --- to produce a parallel resonant circuit. This is excited by a high power pulse generator which, together with the cell capacitance and a rectifier diode, forms a charge pump circuit. High frequency pulses build a rising staircase DC potential across the electrodes of the cell until a point is reached where the water breaks down and a momentary high current flows. A current measuring circuit in the supply detects this breakdown and removes the pulse drive for a few cycles allowing the water to "recover".

Research chemist Keith Hindley offers this description of a Meyer cell demonstration: "After a day of presentations, the Griffin committee witnessed a number of important demonstration of the WFC" (water fuel cell as named by the inventor).

A witness team of independent UK scientifc observers testified that US inventor Stanley Meyer successfully decomposed ordinary tap water into constituent elements through a combination of high, pulsed voltage using an average current measured only in milliamps. Reported gas evolution was enough to sustain a hydrogen /oxygen flame which instantly melted steel.

In contrast with normal high current electrolysis, the witnesses report the lack of any heating within the cell. Meyer declines to release details which would allow scientists to duplicate and evaluate his "water fuel cell". However, he has supplied enough detail to the US Patent Office to persuade them that he can substantiate his 'power-from-water' claims.

One demonstration cell was fitted with two parallel plate "excitors". Using tap water to fill the cell, the plates generated gas at very low current levels --- no greater than a tenth of an amp on the ammeter, and claimed to be milliamps by Meyer --- and this gas production increased steadily as the plates were moved closer together and decreased as they were separated. The DC voltage appeared to be pulsed at tens of thousands of volts.

A second cell carried nine stainless steel double tube cell units and generated much more gas. A sequence of photographs was taken showing gas production at milliamp levels. When the voltage was turned up to its peak value, the gas then poured off at a very impressive level.

"We did notice that the water at the top of the cell slowly became discolored with a pale cream and dark brown precipitate, almost certainly the effects of the chlorine in the heavily chlorinated tap water on the stainless steel tubes used as "excitors".

He was demonstrating hydrogen gas production at milliamp and kilovolt levels.

"The most remarkable observation is that the WFC and all its metal pipework remained quite cold to the touch, even after more than twenty minutes of operation. The splitting mechanism clearly evolves little heat in sharp contrast to electrolysis where the electrolyte warms up quickly."

"The results appear to suggest efficient and controllable gas production that responds rapidly to demand and yet is safe in operation. We clearly saw how increasing and decreasing the voltage is used to control gas production. We saw how gas generation ceased and then began again instantly as the voltage driving circuit was switched off and then on again." 


"After hours of discussion between ourselves, we concluded that Stan Meyer did appear to have discovered an entirely new method for splitting water which showed few of the characteristics of classical electrolysis. Confirmation that his devices actually do work come from his collection of granted US patents on various parts of the WFC system. Since they were granted under Section 101 by the US Patent Office, the hardware involved in the patents has been examined experimentally by US Patent Office experts and their seconded experts and all the claims have been established."

"The basic WFC was subjected to three years of testing. This raises the granted patents to the level of independent, critical, scientific and engineering confirmation that the devices actually perform as claimed."

The practical demonstration of the Meyer cell appears substantially more convincing than the para-scientific jargon which has been used to explain it. The inventor himself talks about a distortion and polarization of the water molecule resulting in the H:OH bonding tearing itself apart under the electrostatic potential gradient, of a resonance within the molecule which amplifies the effect.

Apart from the copious hydrogen/oxygen gas evolution and the minimal temperature rise within the cell, witnesses also report that water within the cell disappears rapidly, presumably into its component parts and as an aerosol from the myriad of tiny bubbles breaking the surface of the cell.

Meyer claims to have run a converted VW on hydrogen/oxygen mixture for the last four years using a chain of six cylindrical cells. He also claims that photon stimulation of the reactor space by optical fibre piped laser light increases gas production.

The inventor is a protegee' of the Advanced Energy Institute.

From Electronics World & Wireless World (January 1991)



Water Electrolysis
Canadian Patent # 2,067,735
Water Fuel Injection System
Stanley Meyer

Abstract

An injector system comprising an improved method and apparatus useful in the production of a hydrogen-containing fuel gas from water in a process in which the dielectric property of water and/or a mixture of water and other components determines a resonant condition that produces a breakdown of the atomic bonding of atoms in the water molecule. The injector delivers a mixture of water mist, ionized gases, and non-combustible gas to a zone or locus within which the breakdown process leading to the release of elemental hydrogen from water molecules occurs.


Description

This invention relates to a method and apparatus useful in producing thermal combustive energy from the hydrogen component of water…

The invention of this present application represents a generational improvement in methods and apparatus useful in the utilization of water as a fuel source. In brief, the present invention is a microminiaturized water fuel cell and permits the direct injection of water, and its simultaneous transformation into a hydrogen-containing fuel, in a combustion zone, such as a cylinder in an internal combustion engine, a jet engine, or furnace. Alternatively the injection system of the present invention may be utilized in any non-engine application in which a concentrated flame or heat source is desired, for example, welding.

The present injection system eliminated the need for an enclosed gas pressure vessel in a hydrogen fuel system and thereby reduces a potential physical hazard heretofore associated with the use of hydrogen-based fuel. The system produces fuel on demand in real-time operation and sets up an integrated environment of optimum parameters so that a water-to-fuel conversion process works at high efficiency.

The preferred embodiment of the invention is more fully explained below with reference to the drawings in which:

Figure 1 figuratively illustrates the sections and operating zones included in a single injector of the invention.


Figures 2A is a side cross sectional view; Figure 2B is a frontal view from the operative end; and Figure 2C is an exploded view --- of an individual injector.






Figure 3 and Figure 3A respectively show a side cross-section view and frontal view of an alternatively configured in injector.





Figure 4 shows a disk array of injectors.


Figure 5 shows the resonance electrical circuit including the injector.


Figure 6 depicts the inter-relationship of the electrical and fuel distribution components of an injector system.


Although I refer to an injector herein, the invention relates not only to the physical configuration of an injector apparatus but also to the overall process and system parameters determined in the apparatus to achieve the release of thermal energy. In a basic outline, an injector regulates the introduction into a combustion zone of process constituents and sets up a fuel mixture condition permitting combustion. That combustion condition is triggered simultaneously with injector operation in real time correspondence with control parameters for the process constituents.

In the fuel mixture condition that is created by the injector, water (H2O) is atomized into a fine spray and mixed with (1) ionized ambient air gases and (2) other non-combustible gases such as nitrogen, argon and other rare gases, and water vapor. (Exhaust gas produced by the combustion of hydrogen with oxygen is a non-combustible water vapor. This water vapor and other inert gases resulting from combustion may be recycled from an exhaust outlet in the injector system back into the input mixture of non-combustible gases). The fuel mix is introduced at a consistent flow rate maintained under a predetermined pressure. In the triggering of the condition created by the injector, the conversion process described in my patent # 4,936,961 and co-pending application serial # 07/460,859 is set off spontaneously on a micro level in a predetermined reaction zone. The injector creates a mixture, under pressure in a defined zone (or locus) of water, ionized gases and non-combustible gases. Pressure is an important factor in the maintenance of the reaction condition and causes the water mist/gas mixture to become intimately mixed, compressed, and destabilized to produce combustion when activated under resonant conditions of ignition. In accordance with the aforementioned conversion process of my patent and application, when water is subjected to a resonance condition water molecules expand and distend; electrons are ejected from the water molecule and absorbed by ionized gases; and the water molecule, thus destabilized, breaks down into its elemental components of hydrogen (2H) and oxygen (O) in combustion zone. The hydrogen atoms released from the molecule provide the fuel source in the mixture for combustion with oxygen. The present invention is an application of that process and is outlined in Table I:


TABLE I


The process occurs as water mist and gases are injected under pressure into, and intimately mixed in the combustion zone and an electrically polarized zone. In the electrically polarized zone, the water mixture is subjected to a unipolar pulsed direct current voltage that is tuned to achieve resonance in accordance with the electrical, mass and other characteristics of the mixture as a dielectric in the environment of the combustion zone. The resonant frequency will vary according to injector configuration and depends upon the physical characteristics, such as mass and volume of water and gases in the zone. As my prior patents and application point out, the resonant condition in the capacitive circuit is determined by the dielectric properties of water: (1) as the dielectric in a capacitor formed by adjacent conductive surfaces and (2) as the water molecule itself is a polar dielectric material. At resonance, current flow in the resonant electrical circuit will be minimized and voltage will peak.

The injector system provides a pressurized fuel mixture for subjection to the resonant environment of the voltage combustion zone as the mixture is introduced to the zone. In a preferred embodiment, the injector includes concentrically nested serial orifices, one for each of three constituent elements of the fuel mixture. (It may be feasible to combine and process non-combustible and ionized gases in advance of the injector. In this event only two orifices are required, one for the water and the other for the combined gases). The orifices disperse the water mist and gases under pressure into a conically shaped activation and combustion zone (or locus).

Figure 1A shows a transverse cross-section of an injector in which supply lines for water 1 ionized gas 2 and non-combustible gas 3 feed into a distribution disk assembly 4 having concentrically nested orifices. The fuel mixture passes through a mixing zone 5 and voltage zone 6 created by electrodes or conductive surfaces 7A and 7B (positive) and 8 (negative or ground). Electrical field lines are shown as 6A1 and 6A2 and 6B1 and 6B2. Combustion (i.e., the oxidation of hydrogen) occurs in the zone 9. Ignition of the hydrogen can be primed by a spark or may occur spontaneously as a result of the exceptionally high volatility of hydrogen and its presence in a high voltage field. Although a differentiation of the mixing zone, the voltage zone and the combustion zone is made in explaining the invention, that differentiation relates to events or conditions in a process continuum, and as is evident from Figure 1, the zones are not physically discrete. In the zone(s), there is produced an excited mixture of vaporized water mist, ionized gases and other non-combustible gases all of which have been instantaneously released fro under high pressure. Simultaneously. The released mixture is exposed to a pulsed voltage in the zone/locus at a frequency corresponding to electrical resonance. Under these conditions, outer shell electrons of atoms in the water molecule are destabilized and molecular time share is interrupted. Thus, the gas mixture in the injector zone is subjected to physical, electrical and chemical interactive forces which cause a breakdown of the atomic bonding forces of the water molecule.

Process parameters are determined based on the size of a particular injector. In an injector sized approximately for use to provide a fuel mixture to a conventional cylinder in a passenger vehicle automobile engine, the injector may resemble a conventional spark plug. In such an injector, the water orifice is 0.10 to 0.15 inch in diameter; the ionized gas orifice is 0.15 to .20 inch diameter; and the non-combustible gas orifice is 0.20 to 0.25 inch diameter. In such a configuration, the serial orifices increase in size from the innermost orifice, as appropriate to a concentric configuration. As noted above, the introduction of the fuel components is desirably maintained at a constant rate; maintenance of a back-pressure of about 125 pounds per square inch for each of the three fuel gas constituents appears satisfactorily useful for a spark-plug injector. In the pressurized environment of the injector, spring loaded one-way check valves in each supply line, such as 14 and 15, maintain pressure during pulse off times.

The voltage zone 6 surrounds the pressurized fuel mixture and provides an electrically charged environment of pulsed direct current in the range from about 500 to 20,000 or ore volts at a frequency tuned to the resonant characteristic of the mixture. This frequency will typically lie within the range of from about 20 KHz to about 50 KHz, dependent, as noted above, on the mass flow of the mixture from the injector and the dielectric property o the mixture. In a spark-plug sized injector, the voltage zone will typically extend longitudinally about 0.25 to 1.0 inch to permit sufficient dwell time of the water mist and gas mixture between the conductive surfaces 7 and 8 that form a capacitor so that resonance occurs at a high voltage pulsed frequency and combustion is triggered. In the zone, an energy wave is formed related to the resonant pulse frequency. The wave continues to pulse through the flame in the combustion zone.  The thermal energy produced is released as heat energy. In a confined zone such as a piston/cylinder engine, gas detonation under resonant conditions produces explosive physical power.

In the voltage zone, the time share ration of the hydrogen and oxygen atoms comprising the individual water molecules in the water mist is upset in accordance with the process explained in my aforementioned Patent # 4,936,961 and application serial # 07/460,859. To wit, the water molecule which is itself a polar structure, is distended or distorted in shape by being subjected to the polar electric field in the voltage zone. The resonant condition induced in the molecule by the unipolar pulses upsets the molecular bonding of shell electrons such that the water molecule, at resonance, breaks apart into its constituent atoms. In the voltage zone, the water (H2O) molecules are excited into an ionized state; and the pre-ionized gas component of the fuel mixture captures the electrons released from the water molecule. In this manner at the resonant condition, the water molecule is destabilized and the constituent atomic elements of the molecule, 2H and O are released; and the released hydrogen atoms are available for combustion. The non-combustible gases in the fuel mixture reduce the burn rate of hydrogen to that of a hydrocarbon fuel such as gasoline or kerosene from its normal burn rate (which is approximately 2.5 times that of gasoline). Hence the presence of non-combustible gases in the fuel mixture moderates energy release and modulate the rate at which the free hydrogen and oxygen molecules combine in the combustion process.

The conversion process does not spontaneously occur and the condition in the zone must be carefully fine tuned to achieve an optimum input flow rate for water and the gases corresponding to the maintenance of a resonant condition. The input water mist and gases may likewise be injected into the zone in a physically pulsed [on/off] manner corresponding to the resonance achieved. In an internal combustion engine, the resonance of the electrical circuit and the physical pulsing of the input mixture may be required to be related to the combustion cycle of the reciprocating engine. In this regard, one or two conventional spark plugs may require a spark cycle tuned in correspondence to the conversion cycle resonance to that the combustion of the mixture will occur. Thus, the input flow, conversion rate and combustion rate are interrelated and optimally should each be tuned in accordance with the circuit resonance at which conversion occurs.

The injection system of the present invention is suited to retrofit applications in conventionally fueled gasoline and diesel internal combustion engines and conventionally fueled jet aircraft engines.

Example 1




Figures 2A, 2B and 2C illustrate a type of injector useful, inter alia as a fuel source for a conventional internal combustion engine. In the cross-section of Figure 2A, reference numerals corresponding to identifying numerals used in Figure 1 show a supply line for water 1 leading to first distribution disc 1A and supply line for ionized gas 2, leading to second distribution disc 2A. In the cross-section, the supply line for non-combustible gas 3 leading to distribution disc 3A is not illustrated, however, its location as a third line should be self-evident. The three discs comprise distribution disc assembly 4. The supply lines are formed in an electrically insulating body 10 surrounded by electrically conductive sheath/housing 11 having a threaded end segment 12.

A central electrode 8 extends the length o the injector. Conductive elements 7A and 7B (7A and 7B depict opposite sides if the diameter in the cross-section of a circular body) adjacent threaded section 12 form, with electrode 8, the electrical polarization zone 6 proximate to combustion zone 9. An electrical connector 13 may be provided at the other end of the injector. (As used herein electrode refers to the conductive surface of an element forming one side of a capacitor). In the frontal view of Figure 2B it is seen that each disc comprising the distribution disc assembly 9, includes a plurality of micro-nozzles 1A1, 2A1, 3A1, etc., for the outlet of the water and gases into the polarization/voltage and combustion zones. The exploded view of Figure 2C shows another view of the injector and additionally depicts two supply line inlets 16 and 17, the third not being shown (because of the inability to represent the uniform 120 degree separation of three lines in a two-dimensional drawing).

In the injector, water mist (forming droplets in the range, for example, of from 10 to 250 microns and above, with size being related to voltage intensity) is injected into fuel-mixing and polarizing zone by way of water spray nozzles 1A1. The tendency of water to form a bead or droplet is a parameter related to droplet mist size and voltage intensity. Ionized air gases and non-combustible gases, introduced through nozzles 2A1 and 3A1, are intermixed with the expelling water mist to form a fuel-mixture which enters into voltage zone 6 where the mixture is exposed to a pulsating, unipolar high intensity voltage field (typically 20,000 volts at 50 KHz or above at the resonant condition in which current flow in the circuit  [amps] is reduced to a minimum), created between electrodes 7 and 8.

Laser energy prevents discharge of the ionized gases and provides additional energy input into the molecular destabilization process that occurs at resonance. It is preferable that the ionized gases be subjected to laser (photonic energy) activation in advance of the introduction of the gases into the zone(s); although, for example, a fiber optic conduit may be useful to direct photonic energy directly into the zone. Heat generated in the zone, however, may affect the operability of such an alternative configuration. The electrical polarization of the water molecule and a resonant condition occurs to destabilize the molecular bonding of the hydrogen and oxygen atoms. By spark ignition, combustion energy is released.

To ensure proper flame projection and subsequent flame stability, pumps for the ambient air, non-combustible gas and water introduce these components to the injector under static pressure up to and beyond 126 psi.

Flame temperature is regulated by controlling the volume flow-rate of each fluid media in direct relationship to applied voltage intensity. To elevate flame temperature, fluid displacement is increased while the volume flow rate of non-combustible gases is maintained or reduced and the applied voltage amplitude is increased. To lower flame temperature, the fluid flow rate if non-combustible gases is increased and pulse voltage amplitude is lowered. To establish a predetermined flame temperature, the fluid media and applied voltage are adjusted independently. The flame pattern is further maintained as the ignited, compressed, and moving gases are projected from the nozzle-ports in distribution disc assembly 4 under pressure and the gas expands in the zone and is ignited.

In the voltage zone several functions occur simultaneously to initiate and trigger thermal energy yield. Water mist droplets are exposed to high intensity pulsating voltage fields in accordance with an electrical polarization process that separates the atoms of the water molecule and causes the atoms to experience electron ejection. The polar nature of the water molecule which facilitates the formation of minute droplets in the mist appears to cause a relationship between the droplet size and the voltage required to effect the process, i.e., the greater the droplet size, the higher the voltage required. The liberated atoms of the water molecule interact with laser primed ionized ambient air gases to cause a highly energized and destabilized mass of combustible gas atoms to thermally ignite. Incoming ambient air gases are laser primed and ionized when passing through a gas processor; and an electron extraction circuit (Figure 5) captures and consumes in sink 55 ejected electrons and prevents electron flow into the resonant circuit.

In terms of performance, reliability and safety, ionized air gases and water fuel liquid do not become volatile until the fuel mixture reaches the voltage and combustion zones. Injected non-combustible gases retard and control the combustion rate of hydrogen during gas ignition.

In alternate applications, laser primed ionized liquid oxygen and laser primed liquid hydrogen stored in separate fuel tanks can be used in place of the fuel mixture, or liquefied ambient air gases alone with water can be substituted as a fuel source.

The injector assembly is design variable and is retrofitable to fossil fuel injector ports conventionally used in jet/rocket engines, grain dryers, blast furnaces, heating systems, internal combustion engines and the like.

Example II



A flange mounted injector is shown in cross-section in Figure 3 which shows the fuel mixture inlets and illustrates an alternative (3) nozzle configuration leading to the polarization (voltage) and combustion zones in which one nozzle 31A, 32A and 33A for each of the three gas mixtures is provided, connected to supply lines 31 and 32 (33 not shown). Electrical polarization zone 36 is formed between electrode 38 and surrounding conductive shell 37. The capacitive element of the resonant circuit is formed when the fuel mixture, as a dielectric, is introduced between the conductive surfaces of 37 and 38. Figure 3A is a frontal view of the operative end of the injector.

Example III


Multiple injectors may be arranged in a gang as shown in Figure 4 in which injectors 40, 41, 42, 43, 4, 45, 46, 47, 48 and 49 are arranged concentrically in an assembly 50. Such a ganged array is useful in applications having intensive energy requirements such as jet aircraft engines, and blast furnaces.

Example IV


The basic electrical system utilized in the invention is depicted in Figure 5 showing the electrical polarization zone 6 which receives and processes the water and gas mixture as a capacitive circuit element in a resonant charging circuit formed by inductors 51 and 52 connected in series with diode 53, pulsed voltage source 54, electron sink 55 and the zone/locus 6 formed from conductive elements 7 and 8. In this manner, electrodes 7 and 8 in the injector form a capacitor which has electrical characteristics dependent on the dielectric media (e.g., the water mist, ionized gases, and non-combustible gases) introduced between the conductive elements. Within the macro-dielectric media, however, the water molecules themselves, because of their polar nature, can be considered micro-capacitors.

Example V


Fuel distribution and management systems useful with the injector of this application are described in my co-pending applications for patent, PCT/US90/6513 and PCT/US90/6407.

A distribution block for the assembly is shown in Figure 6. In Figure 6 the distribution block pulses and synchronizes the input of the fuel components in sequence with the electrical pulsing circuit. The fuel components are injected into the injector ports in synchronization with the resonant frequency to enhance the energy wave pulse extending from the voltage zone through the flame. In the configuration of Figure 6, the electrical system is interrelated to distribution block 60, gate valve 61 and separate passageways 62, 63, and 64 for fuel components. The distributor produces a trigger pulse which activates a pulse shaping circuit that forms a pulse having a width and amplitude determined by resonance of the mixture and established a dwell time for the mixture in the zone to produce combustion.

As in my referenced application regarding control and management and distribution systems for a hydrogen containing fuel gas produced from water, the production of hydrogen gas is related to pulse frequency on/off time. In the system shown in Figure 6, the distributor block pulses the fluid media introduced to the injector in relationship to the resonant pulse frequency of the circuit and to the operational on/off gate pulse frequency. In this manner the rate of water conversion (i.e., the rate of fuel production by the injector) can be regulated and the pattern of resonance in the flame controlled.


via Rex Research @ http://www.rexresearch.com/meyerhy/meyerhy.htm#elworld and http://www.rexresearch.com/meyerhy/2067735.htm

For more about the Stanley Meyer cell from the Rex Research site see http://www.rexresearch.com/meyerhy/meyerhy.htm


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