Mysterious Elongated Skulls Throughout the World
Shapings?
Imitations? Monstrous Skulls - Why?
`Head-binding' should not cause such monstrous increases in brain-size. Parents have no logical reasons - a priori - to take such risks.
Egypt
Graham Phillips speculates that
Akenaten (originally
named Amenhotep IV) was the Pharaoh of the Hebrew "Exodus".Phillips thinks the incompetence of his reign, with other events, permitted the revolt of the oppressed groups in Egypt - a slave State.
King Akenaten, product of a long and ancient Egyptian dynasty, is shown at left, leading religious rites.
- From `Act of God' by Graham Phillips - Sidgwick & Jackson 1998 - ISBN 0-283-06314-9
Court flattery
Sculptors hid the sloping forehead and elongated skull by portraying him wearing high
hats or helmets.Roman Museum of Antiquities
& Luxor Museum
Update 2009 - The occupant of the `mystery tomb' of the
Valley of the Kings (KV 55 Wiki ref.) is now said to be Akenaten - based on DNA
testing which indicated he was was the son of Amenhotep III and the father of
Tutankhamun, and that his `age-at-death' was consistent with Akenaten's
estimated demise.
Below - c-scan comparison of his
skull (top two), from KV 55, compared with Tutankhamun's (bottom two).
Images - Zahi Hawass et al
There were six female children to Nefertiti and
Akenaten. Busts have been found of two of them; one could be of
Meritaten, the eldest, who later became Queen, and was probably married to her
own father.
Berlin Museum & Cairo Museum respectively
Meritaten and then maybe Smenkhkare were succeeded by Smenkhkare's younger brother, uncle or cousin Tutankhamun (see his skull above), who was the last of that dynasty.
.
A few
generations - and several Pharaohs - later we see Ramesses II (`The Great')
being similarly flattered by statues.
An Egyptian `canon of proportions' dictated how rulers were portrayed (except maybe for a strange break in Akenaten's Amarna period).
In reality, Ramesses' skull (below left), and that of his (suspected) first son Amun-her-khepeshef (below right), seem eerily similar to those of the two earlier Pharaohs (above).
Amun-her-khepeshef skull-image from www.msnbc.msn.com/id/6614215/
An Egyptian `canon of proportions' dictated how rulers were portrayed (except maybe for a strange break in Akenaten's Amarna period).
In reality, Ramesses' skull (below left), and that of his (suspected) first son Amun-her-khepeshef (below right), seem eerily similar to those of the two earlier Pharaohs (above).
Amun-her-khepeshef skull-image from www.msnbc.msn.com/id/6614215/
Historical note: In the 1st Century, Egyptian
priest-scribes, then keepers of the world's oldest known records, claimed that
the earliest rulers of Egypt were non-humans :- immortals. "Mortals
have been Kings of their country, they say, for a little less than 5,000
years" - from Diodorus (wiki ref)
Europe
Around 900 CE, a mysterious family group appeared in southern Europe. They early on assumed the name of `The House of Este'.
Head shapes are what we've already seen - sloping forehead, lizard-like protuberance of the back of skull.
Sort-of cousins Leonello & Ginevra d'Este - c. 1435-1445
First recorded in Lombardy, they quickly seized positions of power in several other states, eventually becoming `owners of Europe' - through their more recent descendants. And maybe of Russia too
see Ivan VI.
The real origins of the `Estes' could be Levantine (maybe as usurers), or Hunnish (below), or perhaps Scythians from beyond the Black Sea, as discussed by Hippocrates (further below).
"Late Roman carnelian intaglio
that shows the image of King Rua
(Roas, or Rugilas, or Rugila), father of Attila the Hun and founder of the Hun
Nation (although this could also have been one of Attila's names).A miniature inscription verifies this image... The helmet seen is purposely made to be worn at an angle (either due to deformation of the skull, or mimicking skull deformation). ... It is known from Hun skull finds that at least some Huns flattened their skulls (this binding process began when they were babies)"
http://www.kingarthurbanner.com/artifacts.htm#attila
By permission of David Xavier Kenney
Hippocrates writing of eastern Europe or beyond -
from http://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/h/hippocrates/airs/index.html
"14. I will pass over the smaller differences among the nations, but will now treat of such as are great either from nature, or custom; and, first, concerning the Macrocephali [tribe or `nation' said to be living beyond the Bosphorus / Black Sea or maybe even further i.e Scythians - RD] There is no other race of men which have heads in the least resembling theirs.
At first, usage was the principal cause of the length of their head, but now nature cooperates with usage. They think those the most noble who have the longest heads.
It is thus with regard to the usage: immediately after the child is born, and while its head is still tender, they fashion it with their hands, and constrain it to assume a lengthened shape by applying bandages and other suitable contrivances whereby the spherical form of the head is destroyed, and it is made to increase in length." - Hippocrates (c. 400 BCE)
Malta
WARNING - this is partly apocryphal, because the authorities seem to have withdrawn from public view all of the skulls excavated from the Maltese `temples'.
However, searching has found some early archeological publications which those `authorities' cannot censor (out of print).
From `Malta and the Mediterranean Race' by R. N. Bradley - 1912
"I have also tried to show that the annihilation of the pre-Aryans is by no means established in fact, and that the long-headed race has not only endured, but its influence has been, and is, felt in a remarkable manner."
From NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE January to June, 1920 VOLUME XXXVII
"From an examination of the skeletons of the polished-stone age, it appears that the early inhabitants of Malta were a race of long-skulled people of lower medium height, akin to the early people of Egypt, who spread westward along the north coast of Africa, whence some went to Malta and Sicily and others to Sardinia and Spain."
video: Klaus Dona - Discusses and shows the Maltese and South American Skulls (+ Skeletons)
Siberia
Recent 2009 news of discovery of `elongated skulls' near Omsk, Siberia. Article and short video.
QUOTE: - "Scholars at the Omsk Museum of History and Culture have no conclusive answer as to the origins of these skulls, which were found in burial mounds that are believed to date from the 4th century AD
Because of the skulls' bizarre shape they do not show them to the public, fearing that people might be too shocked. `This really shocked and even frightened people. Because the skull's shape was unusual for a human' said Igor Skandakov, director of the Omsk Museum of History and Culture.
Scientists said that the skulls have marks that could be due to artificial deformation of a normal skull. They surmise that the ancient communities deliberately deformed the skulls of their children, by applying force through a head press, almost from the moment of birth. Why they might have done this is not clear."
www.digitaljournal.com/article/268227
www.youtube.com/watch?v=Oo71OarSgyQ
North America #1
Diagram -
Types of cranial deformation in the Eastern US (Neumann, 1995).
Also see North-Western `head-flattening' - The Chinook (wiki).
Later note - it seems that some Native North Americans had a tradition which might prevent authoritarianism / elitism. They used 'cradle-boards' to flatten the back of the skull.
Also see North-Western `head-flattening' - The Chinook (wiki).
Later note - it seems that some Native North Americans had a tradition which might prevent authoritarianism / elitism. They used 'cradle-boards' to flatten the back of the skull.
North America #2
Region: - North-western Mexico
These skulls, found just south of Sonora were dated to about 900CE to 1000CE.
Most were `deformed' (i.e. by post-natal binding) and some also had their teeth filed into `V' shapes.
These skulls, found just south of Sonora were dated to about 900CE to 1000CE.
Most were `deformed' (i.e. by post-natal binding) and some also had their teeth filed into `V' shapes.
North America #3 - (and Meso-America)
Region: - Mexico, Belize & Guatemala etc.
It seems the original people of the area were rural and egalitarian - i.e. democratic, living equally. That's because earlier and later communities had no `ruler's houses' or `palaces'.
From `The Lost Chronicles of the Maya Kings' by David Drew 1999 Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 0-297-81699-3
But around 800 BCE a more martial group evolved or arrived.
It's speculated here and here, they may have been migrants displaced from a Mediterranean civilization. Intermittent waves of migration may have arrived at Central and South American shores, one at least from Africa.
Note: we're told the Paris Codex shows the Mayan zodiac as "a menagerie of very diverse animals not unlike the zodiac of Old World Egypt". - [told by Anthony F Aveni in `Astronomy before the telescope' - British Museum Press 1999 ISBN 0-7141-2733-7]
They had low, sloping foreheads with flattening and extension of the skull. This was unlike that of the local and now surviving peoples.
See Lacandón photo below.
The intruders lived in `palatial' cities and had vast monuments built for them by a (captive?) labour-force.
A decapitated Mayan lord from Chiapas, and a Mayan lord of Copan. Note the low, flattened foreheads.
To quote Drew : "the head of a Maya lord with typical aquiline nose and sloping forehead, the conventional (Mayan) ideal of (male) beauty".
`Perceptions' (alone, apparently) believes the `Maya' were intruding dominators who ruled Lacandóns and others for 1,000 years or more, leading to ruling elite's degeneration, until the final "Maya Collapse" around 800 CE, when - like Egyptian and Peruvian elites - the `Maya' went extinct. See - Changing faces of Meso-America.
"The Maya elite practised changing the shape of their
offsprings' skulls to resemble the Maize God's elongated head by tying two
boards front and back against the infant's head"from `Civilization.CA'
A Lacandón Indian child and her
family (photographed with anthropologist / archeologist J.Eric Thompson - 1946)This open-faced youngster could be any healthy modern child. Note the high forehead.
`Perceptions' believes the Lacandóns are actually 'altruist survivors' of slavery under the `Maya'.
Note: Lacandóns remain oppressed by dominators today.
There's a summary of possibly erroneous `history' of Meso- and South America - at `Real Maya'. Speculation about the possible real history of much earlier `European' & `African' migrants, refugees or invaders is at `Westward'. [big page - needs a moment to load].
South America
Northern Argentina
From Aimé Tschiffely's account of digging up some pre-historic graves at Tilcara (Argentina), during his c. 1926 horse-back journey from Buenos Aires to Washington DC.
QUOTE: "In some graves we found pottery and stone implements and in all were well-preserved skeletons. What particularly struck me about these was the strange shape of the skulls which appeared as if the forehead had been pushed back."
p. 42. `Southern Cross to Pole Star - Tschiffely's Ride' - 1933
Inca skull at La Moneda Museum, Bolivia
Peru
Quote: "Strewn around in all directions were sun-bleached or yellowing skulls, the outlines of each cranium deformed to an extraordinary, elongated shape."
Quote:- "deliberately produced by binding the
heads of infants between a pair of wooden boards" ... later, Tello was
to find "babies' skulls with the boards still attached"
Indicating that a subject people were complying with an adopted or imposed 'ideal'.
From `Lines to the Mountain Gods' by Evan Hadingham
ISBN 0-245-54559-X
Indicating that a subject people were complying with an adopted or imposed 'ideal'.
From `Lines to the Mountain Gods' by Evan Hadingham
ISBN 0-245-54559-X
Skulls in the Ica museum
By permission of Gilbert de Jong
Manufactured Humans?
A Moche `portrait jar' realistically depicts a `mutated' male. Or maybe one whose skull had been shaped / deformed from birth; if so, was it done to fit him for a particular role?
See Moche ceramics of Northern Peru
CONTROVERSY
If this is truly a mummified fetus (Peru - photo dated 1851), then it seems the skull `deformation' was genetic and not artifically created by skull-binding.
If this is truly a mummified fetus (Peru - photo dated 1851), then it seems the skull `deformation' was genetic and not artifically created by skull-binding.
Australia
Nacurrie 1: Mark of ancient Java, or a caring mother's hands, in terminal Pleistocene Australia?
Brown P.
Palaeoanthropology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia.
Abstract
"There has been a protracted debate over the evidence
for intentional cranial modification in the terminal Pleistocene Australian
crania from Kow Swamp and Coobool Creek.Raw and size-adjusted metric comparisons of the terminal Pleistocene skeleton from Nacurrie, south-eastern Australia, with modified and unmodified H. sapiens and H. erectus, identified a suite of traits in the frontal, parietal, and occipital bones associated with intentional modification of a neonate's skull. These traits are also present in some of the crania from Kow Swamp and Coobool Creek, which are in close geographic proximity to Nacurrie, but not in unmodified H. sapiens or Javan H. erectus. Frontal bone morphology in H. erectus was distinct from all of the Australian H. sapiens samples. During the first six months of life, Nacurrie's vault may have been shaped by his mother's hands, rather than though the application of fixed bandages.
Whether this behaviour persisted only for several generations, or hundreds of years, remains unknown. The reasons behind the shaping of Nacurrie's head, aesthetics or otherwise, and why this cultural practice was adopted and subsequently discontinued, will always remain a matter of speculation."
Crown Copyright © 2010.
Article in `The Age' - July 26, 2010 w/reference Denmark/Netherlands
World-wide - skull distortions
More references to skull binding around the world-
Wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_flattening
Wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_cranial_deformation#History
Long Ago - Pre-History - Neanderthal
Shanidar Cave (wiki), in Northern Iraq, is the site of a Neanderthal cemetery. Dating from before 46,000 years ago, perhaps to 80,000 years ago, some of the bodies seem to have been given a `ceremonious' burial, from the traces of grave-goods & `shaman-type' herbs & flowers etc.
Two adult males' skulls were - "unusually flat in front and unusually curved in back ... deliberately deformed ... by pressing the infant's head ... or by binding the head".
Reference & quotes from `The Creative Explosion' by John E Pfeiffer - ISBN 0-06-013345-7
Ancient peoples around the world were trying to do - What?
Imitate something?
What reason could have provoked it? Why did it occur & persist around the world? Did it affect the brain?
Why do scientists' (+text-books, +Wiki) say it's only `re-shaping' or `flattening' the skull?
When the practise can actually increase skull & brain size so monstrously and non-humanly?
[ There are no reasons for parents to risk the lives of their new-born infants - So why did they do it? ]
Maybe more important - Why haven't our scientists told us about all of this?
Are they - like the Russian scientists above - afraid of something?
Clues?
From the Sumerian King List (wiki) we can see their first `Kings' were said to be `Gods'
(as the later Egyptians also claimed), with extraordinary long
lives, some of 20,000 years or more.The images of those `God-Rulers', made at the earliest `Ubaid' period of Sumer, seem grotesque to us, looking `reptilian' and with extended skulls.
This `Queen-Goddess; also has the `reptilian long-skull' under her head-dress.
The skull shape is maybe seen more clearly on this ceremonial `mask'.
.
Here's something a `human' artist drew in the Los Casares cave, in Spain (wiki). The cave and its paintings are said to be `paleolithic', which covers a pretty wide time-span, ending only as the Ice-Age ended.
Maybe see -
Strange aerial `vehicles' in pre-historic art.
Mutations &/or Imitations of Ruling Elites
We speculate that the flattening of the fore-brain (platycephalic skull), seemingly typical of elite evolution, indicates loss or atrophy of normal 'human' traits in elites - before they finally become extinct.
We now know that sociability, kindness, social responsibility, etc. evolved within that area of the human brain behind the high forehead of modern homo. sap. See evol.html
Research gives reasons for believing that mental changes in `elites' described above are results of a group aiming for perpetual 'dominance' and thereby eventually giving up human 'self-consciousness'.
See conscious
To sum up:- Given the history of the phenomenon outlined in this page, its circumstances (in elites), and its settings (slave states / empires), we can conclude it was used to create either `robots' - limited humans, or `tyrants' - fixated, highly efficient dominators of humans.
The big problem is - there seems to be no a priori logic to give a reason for parents to initiate such a dangerous practise. So where did humans get the idea from?
Legends & Speculation re: `Alien Rulers'
Some modern researchers and commentators have been tempted to speculate on "alien rulers" in prehistoric times.
See Egypt's rule by non-human `Gods'
Of course that is an alternative hypothesis:- 'alien' dominators or rulers imposing their radically different physiognomy on humans as an 'ideal' - at many times in the past - and for periods of up to thousands of years.
Here's a particular examination of that.
[Anyone lucky enough to read a Jack Vance book (or a 4 volume series) - `Planet of Adventure' - will remember its human groups of imitators-of-alien-rulers.]
"Flet victus, victor interiit"
"The conquered weep, but the victor perishes"
This page looks mainly at physical deformations of the human brain.
Artificial distortions of human brain's functions are discussed at
Consciousness page.
NB. An observation on nations which built 'monuments' can be found in Buckle's "History of Civilization", Chapter II "Influence exercised by physical laws" where he lays down what we think is a good general rule:-
"Indeed, the mere appearance of these huge and costly buildings, which are still standing, is a proof of the state of the nation that erected them. To raise structures so stupendous, and yet so useless, there must have been tyranny on the part of the rulers, and slavery on the part of the people."
[Personally, now use this as a rule-of-thumb of indicators of democracy - strengthened by Buckle's equations.]
From Perceptions @ http://www.perceptions.couk.com/authority.html
For more information about elongated skulls see http://nexusilluminati.blogspot.com/search/label/elongated%20skulls
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