Mysterious Ruins That Predate Known Civilization
Gobekli Tepe, thought to be the oldest place of worship and a massive
series of stone megaliths spanning more than 20 acres and predating Stonehenge
by some 6,000 years, making it about 12,000 years old. (Wikimedia Commons)
Here’s a look at some disputed sites, thought by some to hold evidence of prehistoric civilizations far more advanced than scientists thought possible. Some of these structures have been submerged as sea levels have risen over the course of thousands of years.
1. Bosnian Pyramid
Oldest in World: 25,000 Years Old
(Bosnian Pyramid via Shutterstock)
Carbon dating shows the Bosnian Pyramid is 25,000 years old.
Two Italian archaeologists, Dr. Ricarrdo Brett and Niccolo Bisconti, found a piece of organic material on the pyramid last year. They were able to carbon-date the material, and with it, the pyramid itself. This carbon dating places the pyramid 20,000 years before the Sumerian and Babylonian civilizations, believed to be some of the earliest in the world.
When the Bosnian Pyramid was first discovered in 2005, researchers could only measure the age of the topsoil covering the pyramid, which is about 12,000 years old.
Dr. Semir Osmanagich, a researcher working on the Bosnian Pyramid told NTD Television last year: “The organic materials found on the Sun Pyramid and biological analysis are telling us that the pyramids are older than 12,500 years—the oldest on the planet.”
Since the pyramid was covered with soil and vegetation, people thought it was just a hill until the stone structure within was discovered. It was known as Visoko hill.
While many local scientists back Osmanagich, there are skeptics. Boston University geologist Robert Schoch, who spent 10 days on site, told Smithsonian magazine in 2009 that the pyramid is a natural formation. Paul Heinrich, an archaeological geologist at Louisiana State University agreed. Heinrich told Smithsonian: “The landform [Osmanagich] is calling a pyramid is actually quite common. … They’re called ‘flatirons’ in the United States and you see a lot of them out West.”
Enver Buza, a surveyor from Sarajevo’s Geodetic Institute has stated in a paper that the pyramid is “oriented to the north with perfect precision,” reported Smithsonian. Some say the case of Bosnia’s pyramids has been used for political gains.
2. Gobekli Tepe, Turkey:
11,000 Years Old
(Wikimedia Commons)
Gobekli Tepe in Turkey is made up of massive stone megaliths that predate Stonehenge by about 6,000 years. It is believed by archaeologist Klaus Schmidt that this is the oldest human place of worship—at least 11,000 years old—built at a time when scientists say people hadn’t even developed agriculture.
Stanford University archaeologist Ian Hodder told Smithsonian magazine the prehistoric structures in Gobekli Tepe could change how science views prehistoric culture.
“The dating is clear, there is no question about it,” Schmidt said in a Red Ice Creations radio interview. With a combination of carbon dating and using the age of surrounding structures, Schmidt is confident Gobekli Tepe is at least 11,000 years old.
“The astonishing fact is that we did not expect for a hunter gatherer society to be able to manage such an operation, to transport a megalith,” he said.
With ground-penetrating radar scans, Schmidt and his team have determined that at least 16 other rings of megaliths are still underground across 22 acres, according to the 2008 Smithsonian article. Even in 50 years, he said, much digging will be left.
Engraved on the megaliths are images of vultures, waterfowl, spiders, and many other creatures.
3. Yonaguni Monument,
Japan’s Atlantis: 8,000 Years Old
The underwater formation or
ruin called “The Turtle” at Yonaguni, Ryukyu Islands. (Masahiro Kaji/Wikimedia
Commons)
Believed by some to be built more than 8,000 years ago, before the last Ice Age, a large structure off the coast of Japan’s Yonaguni island has been cited as evidence an advanced culture thrived thousands of years earlier than current text books say.
British journalist Graham Hancock and Professor Masaaki Kimura of the Ryukyus in Okinawa studied the structure after it was discovered by a diver in 1987.
Kimura agrees with Hancock that humans either formed the structure or modified a natural formation.
“It looks like a monument,” Hancock told the BBC. “It has very curious features. It has a series of steps and terraces cut into its side. It’s oriented to the cardinal directions. It faces due south, it has a deep east-west feature running along in front of it. It bears all the hallmarks of a designed, ceremonial, ritual or religious monument.”
Schoch, the same skeptic in the Bosnian pyramid case, disagrees. He told the BBC that “portions of it look like they’re man-made,” but the way the rock splits naturally could make the formation.
“I think it should be considered a primarily natural structure until more evidence is found to the contrary. However, by no means do I feel that this is an absolutely closed case,” he wrote in a 1999 paper.
He said, “This enigmatic structure merits more detailed examination.”
A section of Yonaguni
Monument of the coast of Japan’s Yonaguni island. (Wikimedia Commons)
4. Gulf of Khambhat,
Israel: 9,500 Years Old
(Sea of Galilee via Shutterstock)
At the bottom of Israel’s lake Kinneret, also known as the Sea of Galilee, is a massive, enigmatic structure that could be more than 9,500 years old.
It was discovered by the National Institute of Ocean Technology in 2000 in the Gulf of Khambhat (formerly known as the Gulf of Cambay). The circular structure made of boulders and rocks spans about 9 kilometers (5 miles). It has only been explored via sonar scanning and dredging. At least one artifact brought up by dredging has been dated to 7,500 BC, according to Princeton University.
The Princeton website explains why some archaeologists refuse to accept the date in relation to the structure itself: “One major complaint is that artifacts at the site were recovered by dredging, instead of being recovered during a controlled archaeological excavation. This leads archaeologists to claim that these artifacts cannot be definitively tied to the site.”
Dani Nadel, an archaeologist at the University of Haifa who is working with a team to study the discovery, told Fox News in May: “It’s very enigmatic, it’s very interesting, but the bottom line is we don’t know when it’s from, we don’t know what it’s connected to, we don’t know its function,” he said. “We only know it is there, it is huge, and it is unusual.”
It could cost hundreds of thousands of dollars to excavate the site, according to Fox News.
5. Bimini Road: 12,000
Years Old
Two camps of scientists have faced off on the issue of the underwater structure known as Bimini Road off the coast of the Bahamas since it was first discovered in 1968.
One camp says it is a 12,000–19,000-year-old man-made structure—flouting the conventional understanding that advanced civilizations only emerged some 5,000 years ago.
The other camp says it is a natural formation.
Psychologist-turned-explorer Dr. Greg Little has performed multiple documented dives at the site with archaeologist William Donato.
Donato explained in an email to the Epoch Times that the line of stones form a wall, known as a breakwater, built to protect a prehistoric settlement from waves. During their dives (documented by film and photographs), Donato and Little found the structure to be multi-tiered and to include prop stones they say must have been placed there by humans.
The duo have also said they found anchor stones with rope holes carved into them and at least one stone later analyzed at the University of Colorado, which was found to have tool marks, deliberate shaping, functional wear, and erosion features similar to steps.
Little wrote in a 2005 paper that a neutron activation analysis compared nearby shore stones to the Bimini Wall stones and showed the Bimini stones had fewer trace elements, suggesting they were formed elsewhere and transported to that location.
Dr. Eugene Shinn, a retired geologist who worked for the U.S. Geological Survey for 30 years, says Bimini Road is made up of beachrock—the climate in the region causes sand and other materials on the shore to cement into rock relatively quickly, creating “beachrock”—that was covered by water as the sea level rose.
How Was it Made? Prehistoric Underwater Wall Divides Scientists
Bimini
Road, stones submerged off the coast of the Bahamas said by some to be a
man-made wall some 10,000 to 20,000 years old. It is part of body of evidence
some say show prehistoric civilizations were far more advanced than conventional
science is willing to admit. (Shutterstock*)
Two camps of scientists have faced off on the issue of the underwater structure known as Bimini Road off the coast of the Bahamas since it was first discovered in 1968.
One camp says it is a 12,000–19,000-year-old man-made structure—flouting the conventional understanding that advanced civilizations only emerged some 5,000 years ago.
The other camp says it is a natural formation.
Dr. Eugene Shinn dismisses as “New Age” the claims that a culture advanced enough to build such a structure existed in that region so long ago. He has behind him the heavy weight of current scientific understandings.
Dr. Greg Little realizes his claims to the contrary are viewed with “outright ridicule,” as he explains in a 2005 paper on the subject. “I have no expectation that any of the skeptics will actually change their views or even consider any alternatives to their beliefs,” he writes.
“All contradictions to their beliefs are probably perceived as a direct threat to them professionally and psychologically,” Little says. “The long history of science has countless examples of widely held beliefs that were proven wrong by research. But even in the face of incontrovertible proof that these beliefs were wrong, many so-called scientists refused to accept the new evidence.”
Little is a psychologist who has taken a keen interest in Bimini and has participated in multiple dives with archaeologist William Donato along the structure.
Donato explains in an email to the Epoch Times that the line of stones form a wall, known as a breakwater, built to protect a prehistoric settlement from waves. During their dives (documented by film and photographs), Donato and Little found the structure to be multi-tiered and to include prop stones they say must have been placed there by humans.
The duo also say they found anchor stones with rope holes carved into them and at least one stone later analyzed at the University of Colorado, which was found to have tool marks, deliberate shaping, functional wear, and erosion features similar to steps.
Little writes that a neutron activation analysis compared nearby shore stones to the Bimini Wall stones and showed the Bimini stones had fewer trace elements, suggesting they were formed elsewhere and transported to that location.
“We know what the Bimini Road is now,” Donato says. “The natural feature theory has been totally discredited. Shinn has no background in archeology and [Marshall] McKusick [who worked with Shinn to promote the natural-formation theory] seems to know nothing about marine archeology.”
Shinn, a retired geologist who worked for the U.S. Geological Survey, argues Bimini Road is made up of beachrock—the climate in the region causes sand and other materials on the shore to cement into rock relatively quickly, creating “beachrock”—that was covered by water as the sea level rose.
Rocks of similar shape and in a similar formation have been found in some other regions, says Shinn. The information he sent the Epoch Times in response to inquiries, however, did not seem to explain exactly how the rock forms into the large, thick block shapes seen in Bimini.
Shinn carbon dated some rock samples and found them to be only about 5,000 years old or younger. But, he later admitted to Little, the accuracy of his dating is questionable. Little explains that bulk dating is inaccurate because the samples can be contaminated by materials from later dates.
Shinn told Little, according to Little’s 2005 paper: “You are right, dating of beach rock is not very precise especially if it is a bulk sample. The dates listed in the Nature article were bulk dates done at a later date by a student learning the carbon 14 method.”
Little also accuses Shinn of changing the results of some of his studies.
One of the proofs Shinn has given in recent writings and interviews that Bimini is naturally formed involves core rock samples he took to show a dip toward deep water. If all the cores show a dip toward deep water, explains Little, this would indeed prove the rock formed where it is and did not form elsewhere later to be transported by humans to its present location.
In 1978, Shinn’s published study of Bimini states that 25 percent of his samples showed a dip toward deep water. Little points out that Shinn’s later writings claim all of his samples showed this dip.
When Little confronted Shinn on his discrepancies, Shinn replied: “You must realize that because of all the craziness surrounding the Bimini site and the unusual people, it was hard to take the exercise with the same seriousness we would have employed with our regular research. We did it for fun. There was not the peer review usually associated with our real jobs. The details you have pointed out are evidence of minimal peer review. I got a little carried away to make a good story.”
The Epoch Times asked Shinn to confirm he said this to Little and asked him to clarify the discrepancies pointed out by Little.
Shinn said via email: “I am not going to nit-pick over Little’s concerns.”
He called into question the funding behind Little’s work. Little is funded by the Edgar Cayce Foundation, says Shinn, which was started by people who believe in the writings of Cayce (1877–1945), a purported psychic who had visions of Atlantis.
Little states in his 2005 paper that his work on Bimini is not a quest to find Atlantis. “Skeptics invoke emotion-laden, ridiculing terms,” Little wrote.
Little states: “For obvious reasons, mainstream archaeologists have avoided Bimini as if it was infected with a deadly virus. They have been convinced by reading others’ summaries of the early research—not by digesting the actual facts—that Bimini has to be nothing but natural beachrock and that a harbor cannot be there—therefore it is not there.”
From Epoch Times @ http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/358139-5-mysterious-ruins-that-predate-known-civilization and http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/357730-how-was-it-made-prehistoric-underwater-wall-divides-scientists/
For more information about lost civilisations see http://nexusilluminati.blogspot.com/search/label/lost%20civilisation
For more information about Gobekli Tepe see http://nexusilluminati.blogspot.com/search/label/gobekli%20tepe
For more information about the Bosnian pyramids see http://nexusilluminati.blogspot.com/search/label/bosnian%20pyramids
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