Australian Original Astronomical Rock Engravings Will Rewrite
World History
Original
Australian archaeology serving astronomical purposes found in the Central Coast
of NSW (Australia) is
both so numerous in number (>2000 star markers) and diverse in applications
(star markers, constellation alignments, solstices, plasma events and
possibility of binary star system and polar shifts) and the implications of
this call into question many mistaken assumptions of Original prehistory. We
propose that this complex is a unique star map of global significance
exhibiting sophistication previously unknown.
We
are of the opinion the engraved astronomical markers found on a series of rock
platforms is without parallel in Australia, and perhaps the world. In
consultation with the appropriate Original Elders and Custodians of the Lore
and Land, it has been decided the actual location of these sites will not be
made public for the time being. Within a span of 3.5 kilometres there are at
least 16 major rock platforms which contain no less than 2,000 star markers.
But
to begin with our focus has been centred on a section of one rock platform
measuring approximately 97 metres by 43 metres (see diagram 1.). Directly next
to the area under investigation is an adjoining platform of slightly smaller
dimensions and can be reached by jumping across without too much effort.
Together the two platforms measure 135 metres in length and 80 metres at its
widest point. Within 500 metres of this site there are at least 12 smaller
platforms containing astronomical markers. However, owing to the massive
accumulation of markers at what we deduce to be the central location, beginning
our research at this point was mandatory and we literally took a rain check on
the others.
DIAGRAM 1: Northern Rock Platform
Site Description
The
section of rock platform charted ranges between 171 metres to 169 metres in
elevation. We
surveyed, plotted and measured all star markers found within the 5 grids (see
diagram 1.), 4 are 10 metres by 10 metres and the fifth, which ran along the
ledge, was roughly 14.5 metres by 10 metres with an additional small area of 3
metres by 2 metres running further south-east where the gap narrows to a
reasonable leaping length. In total the area surveyed amounted to something
very close to 551 square metres.
The
platform is aligned to the north and made from sandstone. In assessing the
causal agents responsible for these formations, it is of particular note that
the rock platform is elevated, near the top of a ridge, nowhere near any
watercourse or the sea, and there are 15 distinct natural channels that
accommodate the negligible run-off that may occur. Any marking found within or
immediately next to these small depressions, no matter how compelling its
credentials may be, was not recorded.
FIGURE 1: Section of rock platform
Are These “Star Markers” Utilitarian or Natural Formations
(Pot-Holes)?
To
begin with, we had to determine whether these markers were made by humans or the outcome of erosion, rock
weakness or some other natural agent. Many formations and depressions are, in
our opinion, obviously natural, some are debatable, but we believe that the
great majority were made by human hands and tools. To assist in deciding what
is and is not natural we decided to use the guidelines employed by highly
respected Rock Art authority, Robert Bednarik, with the addition of some of our
own.
The
most common form of natural depression are pot holes. Pot holes are normally
created by water eroding the rock surface through alluvial flow, but there
could be other formations and natural agents at play. Cup marks can also be
created through “cumulative underground stresses,”[1] and are recognised as
lithological cupmarks. Solution phenomena can also create pitting and chemical
weathering. It is quite possible there is a small 2 metre by 2 metre section of
rock at the far end of the first section of platform that has been subject to
either underground stress or chemical process, and even though some of the
markings look very artificial, we decided not to record anything in that area.
Outside that small section we are convinced what has been found and registered
has to be either artificial with variants of pot hole formations never before
seen.
We
believe determining what is not a natural occurrence is relatively easy, but
nominating a reason these engravings were made and the function served is more
problematic. As a first step, a simple process of elimination can narrow the
possibilities. They are not grinding hollows, which “generally only occur on
horizontal surfaces.”[2] On site at least 20 % of the circles/spheres appear on
slopes of greater than 30 degrees. They are not “game holes”[3] used to trap
any prey, nor are they spoor engravings (animal tracks/human footprints), rock
mutates, storage holes etc. The only category remaining is by default, cupules,
and there are some commonalities, but this generic label is something akin to
the ‘poor man’s cousin.’
Bednarik
noted that cupules are found in clusters, “often numbering several hundred
(even a thousand),”[4] and that “almost all specimens are between 1.5 and 10
centimetres in diameter”[5] and the “average depth is between 10 and 12
millimetres.”[6] And it is in these observations we begin to part company, in
that in the most general terms most of what we are charting falls into the
general category of cupules, but there are some extensions and nuances not
present elsewhere that deserve consideration. There are thousands upon
thousands of ‘cupules and friends’ present in this 3.5 kilometre spread and
according to Bednarik within the category of cupules, “almost all specimens are
between 1.5 and 10 centimetres diameter,”[7] while of the 191 star markers
recorded 32% had a diameter of 9.6 cms or greater. More than 75% of the markers
on the platform had depths exceeding 10-12 millimetres, so while we believe
these markers are artificial and share similarities with cupules, but that is
merely a base point, as what has been found here is much more sophisticated and
symbolic.
In
separating what was a naturally created pot-hole or depression from the
engravings made by Original people, Bednarik provided an identifying formula in
that in a pothole depth exceeds diameter. He made note that potholes are often
found in high turbulence areas, to which this platform is obviously not
subject. Bednarik also highlighted the degrees of incline of the inner edge of
the engraving as another distinguishing feature. His belief, which we subscribe
to, is that the steeper the incline of the engraved edge the greater the chance
it is artificial, while if sculpted over the ages through the actions of water,
the process is far more gradual as is the angle of entry and exit.
Bednarik,
along with nearly all researchers in this field, is hesitant to ascribe an
inspiration or intent, although conceding “of the current theories, most
associate cupules with fertility rites, or “increase ceremonies,”[8] and we
believe that observation holds true in most cases, but not this one.
There
are many factors that led us to the opinion there are at least 8 different
types of astronomical markers (see figures 2, 3, 4 and 5) found within
the area we are studying which perform and variety of duties, some of which
will become more apparent as the paper develops. From an Original perspective,
first and foremost is the result of our extensive consultation with relevant
Elders and Custodians, and the enormous amount of Dreaming stories focused upon
“on top,”[9] in particular the Seven Sisters (the Pleiades). It is well known
that “the Aborigines were curious about the natural world. They were not only
keen observers of the night sky but also took much delight in classifying the
physical characteristics of the stars above them.”[10] So ingrained into the
collective psyche of Original society is “knowledge of the stars to the
Aborigines in their night journeys and of their positions denoting particular
seasons of the year, that astronomy is considered one of the principle branches
of education.”[11]
FIGURE 2: Star Marker part of the
circular classification
FIGURE 3: Star Marker- part of
spherical/oval classification
FIGURE 4: Star Marker- cut is not
as deep but much sharper angles
FIGURES 5 & 6: Star Markers-
note precision of cut and exactness of curve
Coupled
with the advice Bundjalung Elder Gerry Bostock gave me when discussing this
place, “as on top so below”[12], and the fact that the original Creation
Spirits are also called Sky-Heroes, all of these Original truths led us to
believe the chances are high that many of these engravings/constructions serve
astronomical purposes.
When
researcher Paul White was assessing the credentials of the Kariong glyphs in
work not related to any astronomical issues we have raised thus far, he and his
colleague came upon a set of star markers which immediately caught their
attention. Soon after the positioning and alignment of these Original
engravings of the night sky was fed into computer software at Sydney University
and according to White, “the star charts reveal an unbelievable match with the
star pattern above Gosford around the year 2,500 BC. The whole thing is a giant
star map.”[13]
If
so, how far does this “giant star map extend,”[14] and just as significantly is
“the whole thing”[15] limited to mapping the stars? How sophisticated and
ancient is this astronomical complex, and in what way if any does this site fit
into the present expectations and notions relating to pre-Cook Original
history?
Methodology
We
measured then marked out in yellow rope four grids of 10 metres by 10 metres. The fifth section ran along the
ledge that divides the two platforms and made an exact measurement difficult,
nevertheless we feel 10 metres by 14.5 metres with an additional 3 metres by 2
metres is reasonably close and sufficient for the purposes served at this site
(see diagram 2.).
To
effectively document the site in a way that can be accurately interpreted
through software we took exact measurements of degrees from north, along with
the width, length and depth of each star marker. Working from a visually
identifiable GPS position within each grid, we recorded the relative positions
within the 551 square metres through the measurement of distance and degrees
from a central location. This gave us a precise visual representation of the
site.
In
assessing the possibility of natural agents being responsible, thus creating a
gentler slope, we measured the angle of incline from the edge of each star
marker then tallied the measurement in degrees into one of four categories: 1.
90 degrees. 2. 89-80 degrees. 3. 79-70 degrees. 4. 69-45 degrees.
In
determining the ratio of depth to diameter, we first measured the depth of each
marker, then divided the diameter/width of the same marker into that number
e.g. diameter 70 millimetres, depth 7 millimetres=70 divided into 7=0.1. Any
ratio above 1 means it is probably a pot hole as it is deeper than it is wide,
the lower the decimal the greater the chances it is human-made and a star
marker.
There
are no less than five engraved types of star markers apparent within the
sampling we have taken so far, and to be honest there should probably be five
selections on offer. But the problem we found was in finding a dividing line
between circles/spheres with an inner circle or inner dot (see Figure 7), so
for now we are comfortable with three general categories: 1. Circle. 2.
Sphere/Oval. 3. Other (which includes what could be a binary star system).
FIGURE 7: Star Marker- circle
within a circle
Calculate
square metres per engraving, but with attention paid to the distinct clustering
of the markers and the apparently deliberate spacing between each set of star
markers with the potential it could be a sequential record spanning back in
time to ….
Collate
a general broadsheet of the 191 star markers containing CTC, degrees from
north, dimensions (depth, diameter or width and breadth), a set of incline
categories, and concludes with something a touch subjective. But when assessing
the calibre of those who assisted, this information seems entirely appropriate:
rating the possibility it was natural or human made. 1. Definitely Human Made.
2. Probably Human Made. 3. Even Chance.
We
also found it necessary to include some basic details in relation to positioning
and size of star markers found at other sites we came upon during our time on
country, along with the position and measurements of any non-star markers.
Results
Our
first brief was to determine whether this was actually made by humans. The inside slope of inner edge
was estimated and the resulting angle was placed into one of four categories.
In the simplest of terms the closer the inclination angle is to 90 degrees the
greater the chance the formation is not natural.
TABLE 1 :
|
||
INCLINATION OF INNER EDGE OF
STAR MARKER
|
||
Incline
Degree Range
|
Total
Number
|
Percentage
|
90>
|
122
|
64
|
89 – 80
|
43
|
22
|
79 – 70
|
23
|
12
|
69 – 45
|
3
|
2
|
Overall
Total
|
191
|
|
With
98% of the markers sloped at 80 degrees or greater, the chances they are man
made is heightened, but in what seems to only confirm the involvement of human
hands, with one exception, all 191 star markers, when dividing the diameter by
depth, returned a score below 1. The scores were placed in ascending decimal
values (see graph 2.).
TABLE 2 :
|
|
DIAMETER to DEPTH RATIO
|
|
Value
of Ratio
|
No.
Star Marker
|
<
0.1
|
15
|
0.1 –
0.19
|
51
|
0.2 –
0.29
|
48
|
0.3 –
0.39
|
38
|
0.4 –
0.49
|
10
|
0.5 –
0.59
|
16
|
0.6 –
0.69
|
5
|
0.7 –
0.79
|
2
|
0.8 –
0.89
|
3
|
0.9 –
0.99
|
2
|
>
1.0
|
1
|
Overall
Total
|
191
|
Only
one star marker scored greater than 1, and there are other factors at site that
convinced us to include this marker, but what is a relevant statistic is that
6.3% of the markers have ratio from of 0.6-0.9 while 92.2% have a ratio of 0.59
or below. In what only accentuates the overall shallowness of depth when
compared to diameter, the largest group is 0.1-0.19 and contains 51 markers and
makes up over a quarter (26.7%) of all formations examined. Next in quantity is
the 0.2-0.29 group with 48 star markers (25.1%), and combined these two
categories account for more than half of the sampling.
With
64% of the markers bearing a 90 degree edge and over 92% having a diameter at
least twice the measurement of the depth, we feel confident in declaring that
the huge majority of formations selected are indeed human-made.
Of
course, the third approach employed in assessing the credentials of human
involvement is obviously the most subjective but should not be dismissed so
readily. Everyone involved has been on site many times previously and all have
extensive experience in seeking out rock engravings and peckings. If a star
marker was chosen to be recorded and measured we gave it a ranking from 1 to 3
(see table 3.). An entry in category 1 represented an absolute certainty that
the three in that team felt it was formed through human involvement, 2 was
regarded as being a highly likely human artefact and 3 was considered a
possibility, but natural causal agents could not be dismissed.
TABLE 3:
|
||
LIKELIHOOD OF HUMAN INVOLVEMENT
|
||
Ranking
of Chance
|
Star
Marker Total
|
Percentage
|
Absolute
Certainty
|
163
|
86
|
Highly
Likely
|
22
|
11
|
Possible
|
6
|
3
|
Overall
Total
|
191
|
|
There
is quite a range in diameter/width between the star markers, some are very
small (25millimetres) others are over 180 millimetres and the varying sizes are
spread fairly evenly throughout the platform. Of course the same pattern can be
seen in the night sky, and “it is interesting to note that in Aboriginal
astronomy it is not necessarily the case that only the brightest most
conspicuous stars are grouped together when forming a constellation.”[16] We
set out 11 categories and each tallies a 15 millimetre spread in diameter/width
(see table 4.). The results are entirely in accord with what would be expected if
trying to record the dimensions and size variation evident in the night sky.
TABLE 4:
|
|
DIAMETER / WIDTH of STAR
MARKERS
|
|
Measurement
Range
|
Star
Marker Total
|
20 – 35
mm
|
10
|
36 – 50
mm
|
38
|
51 – 65
mm
|
21
|
66 – 80
mm
|
35
|
81 – 85
mm
|
25
|
96 –
110 mm
|
25
|
111 –
125 mm
|
10
|
126 –
140 mm
|
11
|
141 –
155 mm
|
4
|
156 –
180 mm
|
8
|
180>
mm
|
4
|
Overall
Total
|
191
|
These
four findings, supplemented by Original advice and Dreaming stories, have
convinced us these rock engravings serve astronomical purposes. Just as
important, unlike sites like the Kariong glyphs, there are no claims or rumours
these markers or even this platform, is the result of a hoax. The real question
relates not so much as to what is being charted from “on top,”[17] but the
multiplicity of the designs and sizing, and what that could mean.
As
noted earlier there are in reality five distinct types of engravings, but since
this paper is meant to be an introduction to these sites, simplicity is the
best approach. Of the 191 markers recorded on this section of rock platform,
111 were circular while 80 are either sphere or oval shaped. We are strongly of
the opinion this arrangement is not random, in grid 3 there are 14 star markers
in sequence registering as perfect circles, in grid 2 there is a group of 9
circles, elsewhere the arrangement of circles to non-circles is evenly spread.
There are two major peaks in complete circles and two of half the size and
together seem to indicate that sequence in circularity was not random.
What
was noticeable was the setting, there seemed to be six distinct panels each
containing a cluster of stars, towards the centre of the platform there is
virtually nothing engraved. Is it possible they are set out in chronological
order, possibly each section older than the one preceding? As a result of this
accumulation and vacuum the ratio of square metres to engravings (2.85 square
metres per star marker) is a touch deceptive. In some areas there are close to
20 engravings per square metre, in others, none.
DIAGRAM 2: Star Map of 191 star
markers
Something
that was quite unexpected, and became more apparent the further we continued,
related to the actual manner of engraving, or, in some cases dare we say it,
cut, made into the rock. The incisions are so sharp and fine and some are
barely a millimeter in width, and really had us baffled. Coupled with that,
there are circles with a circumference that is perfectly circular- there is not
even the hint of a straight edge all the way around. Most are much less precise
and obviously the result of Original hands pecking then engraving into the
rock, and in what confirmed that ancient process, we found one star marker
fully pecked but the engraving had not begun. It was as if the person
responsible was either prevented or chose to stop before completion. But there
is a small but sizeable group of engravings that seem to exhibit signs of a
technology never thought to be present in ancient times in Australia, or for
that matter anywhere else on this planet.
The
‘other’ category contained what we suspect is a binary star, along with an 11.6
metre engraved whale and smaller dolphin (1.8 metres) beneath. But there were
other astronomical markers/figures/constructions which were not entered into
any category and merit special consideration. Their non-entry was due to the
inclement conditions, and as a result I haven’t seen any of these sites. They
were originally on our agenda before the rain came, but nevertheless, despite
the lack detail and degrees, the photographs are sufficient.
Within
two kilometers of the central rock platform are three engravings/peckings of
original Sky-heroes that embrace that title in its most literal sense. All
three serve astronomical goals, in two cases this information was shared by
Elders and custodians of local Lore. One engraving is quite well known (and
poorly misunderstood) and if included would provide clues as to where the other
sites are, so we have decided not to provide a photograph or specifics beyond
stating that its primary function is to mark out the alignment of a
constellation. The other two are, we believe, different representations of Biamie’s
(the First Creation Spirit) son, Duramullan. The first engraving (figure 8-this
photo and the one to follow are of a very sacred nature and should not be
viewed by Original women steeped in ancient Lore and ceremony) is claimed to
mark out an ancient plasma event, a time when a massive pulse of energy
released by the sun surged through the magnetic channels of the Earth creating
auroras that lit up the sky at Gosford.
FIGURE 8: Duramullan possibly
marking out a plasma event/Milky Way/Belt of Orion (Courtesy of Bob Pankhurst)
The
third Sky-hero (figure 9) is a work in progress. None of the Elders were able
to add anything, the image was unknown to them. What I did notice was this
Spirit had a club foot and the other leg was longer, this is an obligatory
representation whenever Duramullan is depicted, and in what only added to the
intrigue his left arm was 100% longer and his left leg 50 % longer. It was as
if some massive force was pulling his body towards one direction, could this
possibly depict a pole shift, when the Earth’s magnetism was suddenly reversed?
FIGURE 9: Sky Hero possibly
marking out magnetic reversal of the poles
‘So
utterly sophisticated,’ this thought and reflex reaction has been prominent
since our work on the star markers began, every new find expands the directions
and nuances.
In
what only adds to the horizons opened, the peck marks defining this Sky-hero’s
body exhibit a technology that was not present in ancient times, anywhere. The
pecking is extremely deep with very sharp edges and this is a very hard rock
platform. We have seen nothing close to this definition, until this examination
all the peckings we have seen have been more open and flatter. The amount of
force delivered to create the depth and precision needed seems beyond the reach
of every known variation of rock on rock.
Then
there are the two sets of rock constructions, once again they are as unique as
they are enigmatic, and we still have no idea how one had remained upright. And
once again, we maintain both sites contain astronomical constructions. The
three free standing rock stacks/cairns (figures 10 and 11) were constructed on
one level rock platform of about 50 metres by 30 metres. What is notable is the
complete absence of any other engraving or pecking, there is nothing but these
rock markers. The most intricate of the three consists of more than one hundred
flat rocks laid horizontally, which looks somewhat like an upside down
triangle. That detail and cleverness in placement of rocks is most evident, the
fact it can balance such a large rock on the top is testimony to a monument
that was constructed with care and attention to detail.
FIGURE 10: Possible astronomical
construction (one of three found on this platform)
FIGURE 11: Possible astronomical
construction (one of the three found on this platform)
Not
far from the three columns is another platform which is also free of all
engravings but captive to thousands upon thousands of rocks. All over the
platform are discreet clusters of small rocks. Much darker in colour and of a
different make, these smaller rocks have been carried to this site to be
carefully placed in creating a series of circles spread throughout the
platform.
There
are hundreds of platforms bearing a few or many star markers, they are
everywhere and we literally stumbled upon half a dozen when walking back along
the track from the main platform. Just veering left or right 5 metres was
sufficient, and in each case there are more nearby, but owing to two days of
incredibly poor weather that kept us in-doors, the tally of star markers are
less than we hoped for. Equally, all peripheral sites were on our list but were
lost to the rain and semi-cyclonic winds. Nevertheless, the little we have
observed, charted and measured is ample in establishing some original truths
and possibilities which we will expand upon in the “Conclusion/Hypothesis.”
Conclusions & Hypothesis
We
deliberately chose this vague label as a device which allows some flexibility, until now we have tried to
remain faithful to a general scientific approach, but the temptation to go off
into tangents is too great and we now claim license to stray into conjecture
and Original Lore.
We
are confident the evidence and our analysis is conclusive, the markings are not
natural. With that base accepted the next issue to be addressed relates to the
time and effort required to create thousands of what we believe to be star
markers. This is by no means an easy process, the sandstone is very hard and
time dedicated to pecking and engraving was lost to hunting, gathering and
sustaining the tribe. The engravings must have been very important to the
welfare of the tribe, and we have heard many original Elders, most recently
Gerry Bostock, declare “as on top so below.”[18] As to why there was a need to
repeat this process thousands of times, the answer is not clear but there are
possibilities and questions that must be canvassed.
There
is one finding, which was not on the radar a month ago, that stands apart and
is the base upon which any assessment of what has been recorded has to be made.
For quite some time we knew of the star markers above the Kariong glyphs, and
we had already mapped 172, and thought that was amazing. Never in our wildest
dreams when ranging through the countryside did we consider that four figures
was a remote possibility. But it’s not even the quantity that caught us
unawares as it was the sophistication of astronomical applications and the
nuances in how this astronomical map was assembled and categorised. Without
doubt all that was found and registered was a touch overwhelming, and such was
the evolving and rushed nature of our two clear days on site recording and absorbing
was a big enough ask.
There
are three sites that were never seen on site by any of us bar Gavin Bragg and
Ryan Mullins when they were out on another ‘scouting expedition’ that stretch
the celestial boundaries. We first saw what they found when Ryan brought out
his camera during our enforced stay indoors, the rain and wind was torrential
and until viewing these sites, a touch depressing. This lightened the load
considerably, the two types of rock astronomical markers and stretched image of
Duramullan, were the icing on the astronomical cake. We already knew another
Sky-hero marked out the alignment of a constellation, and elsewhere the same
Spirit also commemorated an ancient plasma event. This brand new addition only
led to more questions. Are there other engraved figures nearby performing the
same function, and what of the 16 metre whale, was its positioning and form
reliant upon something else “on top?”[19]
Separate
to the rocks and engraved/pecked spirits, and in what only illustrates how
cutting-edge and advanced their astronomy was, we are confident there are no
less than five different types of engravings on this platform and suspect each
is specific to one type of star/meteor/constellation/etc.
Our
estimate of a tally of 2,000 star-markers is extremely conservative, many
platforms are yet to be seen, and it is possible some will never be seen. In
what only accentuates the complexity and diversity of what was engraved, and
the immediate need to protect and fully research all of these platforms, one deceptively
small piece of rock which is claimed to bear hundreds upon hundreds of holes
that represent the Milky Way, has either been stolen or is in safe-keeping.
Local researcher and historian, Boris Branwhite, noted that “in 2002, a 1 meter
by 800 cm (surface area) rock with hundreds of small circular holes was
discovered at Wadalba (Central Coast, NSW). This sandstone rock appeared to be
a Milky Way representation, with brighter stars having deeper holes. Aboriginal
Elder Alan Moarywaala Barker identified this arrangement as a star map. This
rock was removed by unknown persons in approximately 2009.”[20]
Then,
in what only complicates procedures, all on site independently made note of
cuts, curves and angles in the rock that required technology assumed to be
never present in this country until very recent times. We are all of the
opinion there are some engravings that could not be the end result of any
application of rock on rock. Even the idea of a metal blade being responsible
seems to fall short of the mark, some of the curves are so exact and uniform
and couldn’t have been done any better today, and there are cuts in the rock
where the gap is barely a millimeter wide. Irrespective of who was responsible,
the fact remains the refined tools needed to fashion such delicate markings are
not in the Original tool-kits as claimed by academics and books. This
technological anomaly needs to be examined in more detail by a person with the
relevant expertise.
We
have made reference to the status of the Original Gods as Sky-heroes and the
spread of the Dreaming stories describing the Seven Sisters, deliberately so,
because it has a direct link to all that has been engraved into this series of
rock platforms. The oldest astronomical construction is found at Wurdi Youang
(Victoria) and contains a sizable set of rocks that marks “the setting sun at
the solstices and equinoxes when viewed from the three prominent stones at the
western apex”[21] and is considered to be between 10,000 to 20,000 years old.
Star patterns, alignments, solstices, plasma events, eclipses, perhaps even
binary star systems, this and so much more has been constructed or engraved
into the rocks and positioned along one ridge. Not only is this site more
numerous, complex and sophisticated than Wurdi Youang, with a base date of
4,500 years already factored in, it would not surprise in the least if one of
these star charts is found to be older than Wurdi Youang.
Moreover,
within this cluster of rock platforms there is a central point, one shelf
measuring 135 metres, which carries at least one quarter of the entire tally.
We have recorded details of 191 star markers, and there are no less than 500
engraved shapes still to be charted.
To
the best of our knowledge this complex of platforms is not only the most
intensive ancient star chart in Australia, but we believe it has no parallel in
the world. In what only adds to the intrigue, not far away many other pieces of
archaeology, both engraved and constructed, have been found and they are as
unique and even more controversial.
It
is agreed that “the oldest art on every populated continent consists of linear
grooves and cupules.”[22] In fact it is thought there is a “cupule-bearing
rock”[23] in Tanzania “dating to approximately 1.7 million BCE.”[24] Despite its
longevity, no-one can trace this style back to its source or inspiration, and
“curiously, despite its evident longevity and worldwide prevalence,”[25] it is
“one of the least understood”[26] forms of petroglyph. The least we can do is
add to the confusion. The numbers, refinement, variations on a celestial theme,
complexity and nuances evident in this gallery of rock platforms open new
horizons and ask questions rarely considered.
More
has to be done, the area surveyed, along with all that still has to recorded,
demands protection. But it doesn’t stop there, there is the immediate
obligation to correct some of the sins of the past and rewrite humanities’
ancient history paying special attention to the Australian Original people’s
role and impact. Past that point the archaeology is open to conjecture and
subject to the need for further research. This area has only just begun to give
up some of its secrets, but will only continue to do so if every step taken and
word written comes about through direct consultation with the relevant Original
Elders and Custodians of Lore and Land.
Bibliography:
Bhathal,
Ragbir. “Astronomy in Aboriginal Culture.” A
& G 47, no. October (2006).
Bostock,
Gerry. 2013.
Branwhite,
Boris. 2013.
Cairns,
Hugh, and Bill Yidumbuma. Dark Sparklers.
2nd ed. Merimbula, Australia: H.C. Cairnes, 2004.
“Cupules
– Definition, Meaning, Description & History of Cupule Rock Art; Bhimbetka
Petroglyhs.” visual-arts-cork.com, http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/prehistoric/cupules.htm.
Noris,
Ray P., Cilla Norris , Duane W. Hamacher, and Reg Abrahams. “Wurdi Youang: An
Australia Aboriginal Stone Arrangement with Possible Solar Indications”.” Rock Art Reseach,no. 28th Sept. 2012
(2012).
White,
Paul. “Letter to Cathie.” 1999.
References:
[1] “Cupules – Definition, Meaning, Description & History of Cupule Rock Art; Bhimbetka Petroglyhs,” visual-arts-cork.com, http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/prehistoric/cupules.htm.
[2] Ibid.
[3] Ibid.
[4] Ibid.
[5] Ibid.
[6] Ibid.
[7] Ibid.
[8] Ibid.
[9] Hugh Cairns and Bill Yidumbuma, Dark Sparklers, 2nd ed. (Merimbula, Australia: H.C. Cairnes, 2004). 39.
[10] Ragbir Bhathal, “Astronomy in Aboriginal Culture,” A & G 47, no. October (2006). 5.28.
[11] Ibid. 5.27-5.28.
[12] Gerry Bostock, 2013. Personal Communication.
[13] Paul White, “Letter to Cathie,” (1999).
[14] Ibid.
[15] Ibid.
[16] Bhathal, “Astronomy in Aboriginal Culture.” 5.28.
[17] Cairns and Yidumbuma, Dark Sparklers. 39.
[18] Bostock.
[19] Cairns and Yidumbuma, Dark Sparklers. 39.
[20] Boris Branwhite, 2013. Personal Communication.
[21] Ray P. Noris et al., “Wurdi Youang: An Australia Aboriginal Stone Arrangement with Possible Solar Indications”,” Rock Art Reseach, no. 28th Sept. 2012 (2012). http://www.academia.edu/2064394/Wurdi_Youang_an_Australian_Aboriginal_stone_arrangement_with_possible_solar_indications (12/03/2013).
[22] “Cupules – Defnition, Meaning, Description & History of Cupule Rock Art; Bhimbetka Petroglyhs.”
[23] Ibid.
[24] Ibid.
[25] Ibid.
[26]
Ibid.
Acknowledgements:
Figure 8 Photo credits to Bob Pankhurst.
Figure 1- & 9-11 Photo credits to Ryan Mullins and Gavin Bragg.
Diagram 2 credits to Gavin Bragg.
Table 1-4 credits to Evan Strong.
Field research credits and assistance in compiling paper to Ryan
Mullins, Andy Whitely, Gavin Bragg, Sonya James, Evan Strong and Sean
Vandenberg.
Special thanks to Aunty Beve Spiers and David Fitzgerald for their
guidance and Original wisdom.
Thanks to Nina Angelo, Lavinia Smith–Lewis, Paul Hoogendyk, Phoebe
Hoogendyk, Neil Howe, Matthew Cowdery, Paul Sink, Valerie Barrow, and a special
thanks to Binnah Pownall.
Australia’s Stonehenge: the History of an Ancient Stone Arrangement 40 Kilometres from Mullumbimby NSW
According
to Frederic Slater, who was the President of the Australian Archaeological and
Education Research Society, an Original stone arrangement he and a colleague were investigating
throughout 1939 is “the Stonehenge of Australia.” Assumed to be lost for the
last 63 years, this impressive and complex sandstone arrangement is much more
than a collection of rocks, signs and symbols positioned on a mound. According
to Slater, “the mound is one of the oldest; I should say the oldest, forms of temples in the
world, and dates back to the… advent of first man.”
Not
only was the mound the first temple, the narrative and wisdom it chronicles is
as profound as it is sublime, so much so that Slater claimed it formed “the
basis of all knowledge, all science, all history and all forms of writing.”
These
are extremely bold claims to make; to suggest that the very first language was
spoken and recorded in stone in Australia carries with it many inconvenient
historical implications. Modern humanity is assumed to have had its genesis in
Africa. We are told a few restless inquisitive souls set foot outside African
soil some 60,000 years ago and spread their culture and genes. In this theoretical
construct, there is no room for Australia to be anything other than an
afterthought and merely an African colony peopled by mariners who surely spoke
before setting sail to Australia.
Bulldozing Australia’s History
Despite
the unpopular stance advocated by Slater, his research was meticulous and the methodology sound.
More to the point, such was the strength of the case he made on behalf of this
arrangement being the First Language, in 1940 representatives of the Australian
Government approached the farmer and threatened to confiscate his land because
of these rocks. The landholder under threat was openly sympathetic to the
archaeology being done, but realised while the stones stood he would lose his
land, income and livelihood. Within days of the threat by Government, the
stones were reluctantly bulldozed and the land was left alone. Slater had lost
his proof and not another supporting public statement was made. The whole
unpleasant episode was expunged from the public arena and Slater’s
correspondence was apparently lost or destroyed.
And
so this historical vacuum remained… until about three months ago when local
teacher Richard Patterson was rummaging through some discarded files in the
back room of the local Historical Society. Amongst the accumulation of papers
and documents were Slater’s letters to his on-field colleague. Soon after,
Richard contacted me and my team, and so the unraveling has began.
Rudimentary Language?
The
First Sacred Language that Slater claimed to have deciphered is very complex, multi-layered and at his last
count of “28,000 words,” far more diverse and complicated than what could be
assumed in relation to the very first language spoken on Earth. We are of the
belief this complex language spread throughout most of the coastal regions of
Australia unified under Southern Law.
While
historical and linguistic texts propose that the first tongue was crude and
limited to the most basic emotions and objects, which then slowly increased in
number and sophistication, here a symbol can have four different meanings. This
formalised method of communication was made up of numbers, hand signs, stone
arrangements, elements, trees, letter sounds, animal shapes, etc. The intricate
combination of all manner of apparently unrelated themes and disciplines
creating a seamless blend into one formal script, is in contradiction to the
expected rudimentary linguistic starting point, and calls into question many
assumptions relating to human ascension and development.
Leaving
aside that reports from the Original Elders of Lore are in accord with the
integrity of Slater’s claims, the logistics, technology and labour involved in
creating this mound was unparalleled in this country… and deserving of further
archaeology on site. By my estimation after viewing from a discreet distance,
the hundreds of tonnes of sand, clay and sandstone that make up one mound
deposited on top of this flat swampy plain is not part of the local geology.
According to Slater and his co-worker, the closest deposit of sandstone was more
than 20 kilometers (12 miles) away. The problem is, until the arrival of
British settlers in Australia, no-one in this country had a wheel, pulley,
wheelbarrow or metal chisel to cut and move the rocks 20 kilometres, and nor is
there any other example in Australia of a mound or stone arrangement weighing
over a tonne.
Quite
simply, this Original construction doesn’t fit into any academic book or
curriculum.
The Mystery of Life
What
only unsettles the academic climate further is the content of the narrative contained within this stone
arrangement called “The Mystery of Life.” The opening placement of stones on
the southern edge, which looks very much like a medicine wheel, was interpreted
by Slater to read as “guided by truth, man came to Earth through darkness from
light of life that shines far off.” This extra-terrestrial theme of somebody or
being coming to this planet from “far off” is repeated throughout these
constructions, extolling that the “truth was brought out on wings to Earth” and
“the Divine Light from afar to the Earth brings the soul to man.”
It
is a site without parallel on the east coast of Australia at so many levels.
The means of construction, significance, content, sacredness and real
possibility that this arrangement chronicles the first time modern humans
devised a formal means of expressing words and thoughts, are but some of issues
that need to be investigated.
In
what only adds to the intrigue, Slater is not only adamant that the ancient
Egyptians were not only present (and most probably assisting in the
transport of sandstone and fill) but they came in homage and reverence. He
asserted that “there is no mistaking the fact that the Aborigines… gave not
only to the Egyptians their knowledge and their foundation of hieroglyphics and
their philosophy, but formulated the basis of all knowledge in the beginning,
now and to come.”
Initial Observations
The
archaeology conducted on site is still in the process of being compiled and
analysed, however a
few simple observations can be already offered. The chances are extremely high
that this stone arrangement is an actual account of the First Sacred Language
and conveys both historical details and a prophecy of times soon to come. The
first mound is definitely artificial, its shape is too symmetrical, the
placement on a flat swampy plain is dramatically at odds with the surrounding
topography, and the sand, clay and sandstone that makes up this construction is
in contradiction with its immediate geology. Throw into this mix confirmation
from Original Elders and Custodians versed in Original Lore and history that
this is one of, if not the, most sacred site in Australia, and we begin to see
why Slater was so adamant that this is “Australia’s Stonehenge.”
Frederic
Slater was an Egyptologist. He was the President of the Australian
Archaeological Research and Education Society. Australian Government officials
approached the landholder in 1940 and threatened to confiscate their freehold
land simply because of these standing stones. These are facts. Slater’s
opinions and our research of them is obviously up for debate and alternative
explanations. But with the bounty of archaeology found on site and Elders
confirming Slater’s translation, this stone arrangement is potentially the most
sacred archaeological site in Australia.
There
is no other explanation on offer.
About the
author:
Steven Strong, along
with his son Evan, has co-written four books: Constructing a New World Map, Mary Magdalene’s Dreaming and Forgotten Origin (published by University Press
of America) and the soon-to-be-published Shunned.
He has written over a dozen articles on Original history and lore for the
National Indigenous Times, with four articles appearing in New Dawn magazine. With close to 30 years of
contact with Gumilaroi people and tribes of the Bundjalung
Language Confederation, and the benefit of extensive consultation with
many Original Elders, Steve’s work is to reveal the story of the Original people,
a narrative that was almost lost.
For
more information visit ForgottenOrigin.com.
From Wake Up World @ http://wakeup-world.com/2013/04/09/australian-original-astronomical-rock-engravings-will-re-write-world-history/ and http://wakeup-world.com/2013/09/16/australias-stonehenge/
For more information about Australian Aboriginal people see http://nexusilluminati.blogspot.com/search/label/australian$20aboriginal
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