Overpopulation: Fact or Myth?
Before
starting this article, I wish to specify that it is not because I choose to
question the concept of overpopulation that I also question the need to
end poverty, overconsumption and environmental destruction. Overpopulation may
be a concept, but poverty and unsustainable practices are a reality and my life
is geared towards raising consciousness about alternative ways to operate as a
society.
However,
I believe it is important to question everything; even claims closely tied to
the activist and environmentalist movement. Why? Because by questioning
theories such as overpopulation, I discovered an even more
promising future than the never-ending struggle of trying to merely control the
damage we cause to the planet and each other without addressing the cause.
Questioning
scare-tactics, even if they seem to be geared towards noble causes, does not necessarily
deny our support of the causes themselves. Yet they might save us from getting
caught up on issues that distract us from the REAL problems and
relevant steps we can take to create meaningful and long-lasting change.
The Overpopulation Scare: How It All Started
The
concept of overpopulation originated in England in 1798, when the Reverend
Thomas Robert Malthus saw that food production increased incrementally, while
people reproduced exponentially. Based on his calculations, he predicted that
the world would be out of food by the year 1980. Malthus blamed reduced
mortality rates and encouraged population reduction.
In
his Essay on the
Principle of Population, Malthus calls for increased mortality
among the poor:
All the children born, beyond what
would be required to keep up the population to this level, must necessarily
perish, unless room be made for them by the deaths of grown persons… To act
consistently therefore, we should facilitate, instead of foolishly and vainly
endeavoring to impede, the operations of nature in producing this mortality;
and if we dread the too frequent visitation of the horrid form of famine, we
should sedulously encourage the other forms of destruction, which we compel
nature to use. Instead of recommending cleanliness to the poor, we should
encourage contrary habits. In our towns we should make the streets narrower,
crowd more people into the houses, and court the return of the plague. In the
country, we should build our villages near stagnant pools, and particularly
encourage settlements in all marshy and unwholesome situations. (Book IV, Chap.
V) — Read it online.
Not
only that, he believed certain diseases should not sought to be cured for the
sake of population control.
“But above all, we should reprobate specific remedies for
ravaging diseases; and those benevolent, but much mistaken men, who have
thought they were doing a service to mankind by projecting schemes for the
total extirpation of particular disorders. (Book IV, Chap. V) — Read it online.”
As
harsh as this sounds, the push for depopulation was defined by those supporting
it as a necessary evil to save humanity and the planet.
In
1968, Paul Ehrlich of Stanford University adopted and propagated Malthus’
theory of overpopulation. He claimed that excessive human reproduction has
overwhelmed the planet and predicted that the world would undergo massive
famines, which would kill off hundreds of millions of people by the end of the
70’s.
In
his 1968 work The
Population Bomb, Ehrlich stated:
“The battle to feed all of humanity is over. In the 1970s
the world will undergo famines–hundreds of millions of people will starve to
death in spite of any crash programs embarked upon now.”
Because
of the fear that such an alarming claim triggered, large sums of money were
donated to the UNFPA (the United Nations Population Fund), which was founded
the year after Ehrlich published The
Population Bomb. This fund thrives on a crisis that – despite being
“imminent” – keeps on being rescheduled over and over again for the past 200
years.
How
“imminent” is this crisis exactly? Is there really too little space, too little
resources and too many people? What are the facts and what are the myths?
Not Enough Space?
1. The Entire World Population Can Sink Into The State Of Texas
Many
believe that overpopulation is a question of lack of space. It isn’t.
Today,
there is approximately 7,268,730,000 people on earth. The landmass of Texas
is 268,820 square miles (7,494,271,488,000 square feet). If we
divide 7,494,271,488,000 square feet by 7,268,730,000 people, we
get 1031 square feet per person. This is enough space for everyone on
earth to live in a townhouse while altogether fitting on a landmass the size of
Texas. And we’re not even accounting for the average four-person family who
would most likely share a home!
It
is not to say that creating such a massive subdivision would be a smart,
sustainable or practical thing to do. Cramming together a population that
continues to over-consume, waste and poison the environment the way we
currently do would be a recipe for disaster. This is just to give an idea of
how it isn’t space itself that is lacking. Notice how small Texas is compared
to the rest of the world!
Did You Know?
-
Every man, woman, and child on earth could each have 5 acres of land.
(Calculated from numbers found on: “Central Intelligence Agency” The World
Factbook)
-
If we wanted to squeeze close, everyone in the world could stand
shoulder-to-shoulder on the island of Zanzibar.
-
Plankton make up 3 times more biomass than all 7 billion humans combined.
2. Cities Are Overcrowded, The World Is Not
How
can this be proved? Easy: Conditions of apparent overpopulation only exist in
cities, not in rural areas.
The
urban population is on the rise. (see
graph here)
Since
2008, more than half of humanity has become urbanized. The reason is
because there are more opportunities to make money in the city than in the
countryside. A city is crowded because people come from miles and miles away
to move there, not because of wreck-less reproduction and overpopulation.
Did You Know?
-
Studies show that birthrates are lower in urban areas than in rural areas. [Source]
-
Population growth is slowing down and is predicted to decrease by the
middle of this century. [Sources 1, 2]
Not Enough Food?
1. Scarcity Is A Myth
The world is abundant of resources and could provide for
everyone’s need, yet every year rich countries waste more that 220 million tons of food. Meanwhile, the poor still starve
to death – not because resources are scarce, but because they don’t have the
money or have rights to enough land.
Did You Know?
- All
the world’s nearly one billion hungry people could be lifted out of
malnourishment on less than a quarter of the food that is wasted in the US, UK
and Europe. (Click HERE for more outrageous food waste
facts)
-
Abundance, not scarcity, best describes the world’s current food supply. Enough
grains are produced to provide every human being with 3,500 calories per day –
1,500 more calories per day than recommended by the Food and Drug
Administration.
-
Both of the world’s leading authorities on food distribution (the United
Nations Food and Agriculture Organization [FAO] and the World Food Programme
[WFP]) stated that there is more than enough food for everyone on the
planet.
Think
about it: The earth does not concentrate its abundance wherever there is gold
or stop seeds from sprouting if they were not owned or paid for. Select
individuals proclaiming themselves as “authority” made those rules up. A
whole empire designed for the “richest” to exclusively hoard most of the
earth’s resources is nothing more than a game of monopoly covering the
fact that our planet provides more than enough resources for all of
its inhabitants to share equally.
2. Overpopulation Does Not Cause Hunger, Unfair Management Does
Sociologists
Frederick Buttel and Laura Raynolds published a study of population growth, food consumption, and other
variables in ninety-three third world countries. The statistics showed
no evidence that fast population growth causes hunger. However, they
did find that the populations of poorer countries,
and those countries where the poorest 20 % of the population earned a
smaller percentage of a nation’s total income,
had less to eat.
In
other words, poverty and inequality cause hunger, not overpopulation.
The
theory of overpopulation describes a situation where the number of
people exhausts the resources in a closed environment such that it
can no longer support that population. A good analogy would be to
compare our planet to a barricaded house, with no way to neither enter nor
exit. Since the house’s inhabitants would be limited to the space and resources
within the house, it is obvious that the refrigerator would soon be emptied out
and the oxygen would eventually be used up. There would be too many people and
too little resources to ensure everyone’s survival within the house. But are
houses usually barricaded? Are crowded cities or poor countries naturally enclosed?
Or more
specifically; did our planet come equipped with authorities and policies
preventing food from being transported where it is needed or land to be
freely inhabited or farmed according to need? No, no and no.
We
blame poverty on scarcity and overpopulation. But seldom do we look
at human behavior itself. Seldom
do we look at the laws created by none other than
humans preventing starving people from having access
to food and arable land, or the obvious misdistribution of resources
caused by the greed of the minority.
And let’s
not forget the “debt” that poor countries “owe” to the rich.
“The history of third world debt is the history of a
massive siphoning-off by international finance of the resources of the most
deprived people. This process is designed to perpetuate itself, thanks to a
diabolical mechanism whereby debt replicates itself on an even grander scale, a
cycle that can only be broken by cancelling the debt. ” – Third World Debt, a
Continuing Legacy of Colonialism
Not Enough Arable Land?
It
is easy to blame some so-called “natural” phenomena that requires
artificial measures such as GMOs to “solve world hunger” or population reduction plans, but how about criticizing
the actual values behind our system and ways in which it promotes
inequality for the benefit of the few? How about questioning the belief that
opportunities and abundance can only exist where money flows, when we
live on a spacious planet that could provide for everyone if we were to use it
intelligently?
Did You Know?
-
Many nations can’t realize their full food production potential because of the
gross inefficiencies caused by inequitable ownership of land and resources.
- Many of
the countries in which hunger is rampant export much more in agricultural goods
than they import. Northern countries are the main food importers, their
purchases representing 71.2 % of the total value of food items imported in the
world in 1992. Imports by the 30 lowest-‐income countries, on
the other hand, accounted for only 5.2 % of all international
commerce in food and farm commodities.
- Africa
has enormous still unexploited potential to grow food, with theoretical grain
yields 25 to 35% higher than maximum potential yields in Europe or North
America.
-
Beyond yield potential, ample arable land awaits future use. In Chad, for
example, only 10% of the farm land rated as having no serious production
constraints is actually farmed. In countries notorious for famines like
Ethiopia, Sudan, Somalia and Mali, the area of unused good quality farm land is
many times greater than the area actually farmed.
Ownership & Control of Land
It
is believed that poverty is the result of overpopulation, poor education,
racial inferiority or even laziness. But because most people never think to
question our current system and the authorities pulling the strings, few
realize how the system itself is geared towards enriching the few and
enslaving the masses.
The
following passage from “The
World’s Wasted Wealth: the political economy of waste” by J.W. Smith
describes this reality very well:
Land
Rights And Ownership
“The often heard comment (one I once accepted as fact)
that “there are too many people in the world, and overpopulation is the cause
of hunger”, can be compared to the same myth that expounded sixteenth-century
England and revived continuously since.
Through repeated acts of enclosure the peasants were
pushed off the land so that the gentry could make money raising wool for the
new and highly productive power looms. They could not do this if the peasants
were to retain their historic *entitlement* [emphasis is original] to a share
of production from the land. Massive starvation was the inevitable result of this
expropriation.
There were serious discussions in learned circles about
overpopulation as the cause of this poverty. This was the accepted reason
because a social and intellectual elite were doing the rationalizing. It was
they who controlled the educational institutions which studied the problem.
Naturally the final conclusions (at least those published) absolved the wealthy
of any responsibility for the plight of the poor. The absurdity of suggesting
that England was then overpopulated is clear when we realize that “the total
population of England in the sixteenth century was less than in any one of
several present-day English cities.”
The hunger in underdeveloped countries today is equally
tragic and absurd. Their European colonizers understood well that ownership of land gave the owner control over what
society produced. The most powerful simply redistributed
the valuable land titles to themselves, eradicating millennia-old traditions of
common use. Since custom is a form of ownership, the shared use of land could
not be permitted. If ever reestablished, this ancient practice would reduce the
rights of these new owners. For this reason, much of the land went unused or
underused until the owners could do so profitably. This is the pattern of land
use that characterizes most Third World countries today, and it is this that
generates hunger in the world.
These conquered people are kept in a state of relative
impoverishment. Permitting them any substantial share of the wealth would
negate the historic reason for conquest — namely plunder. The ongoing role of
Third World countries is to be the supplier of cheap and plentiful raw
materials and agricultural products to the developed world. Nature’s wealth was, and is, being controlled to
fulfill the needs of the world’s affluent people. The U.S. is one
of the prime beneficiaries of this well-established system. Our great
universities search diligently for “the answer” to the problem of poverty and
hunger. They invariably find it in “lack of motivation, inadequate or no
education,” or some other self-serving excuse. They look at everything except the cause — the
powerful own the world’s social wealth. As a major
beneficiary, we have much to gain by perpetuating the myths of overpopulations,
cultural and racial inferiority, and so forth. The real causes must be kept
from ourselves, as how else can this systematic damaging of others be squared
with what we are taught about democracy, rights, freedom, and justice?”
Sustainable Agriculture, Housing & City Planning: Creating Abundance for All While Nurturing The Planet
Alternatives
to unsustainable agricultural practices do exist. The success of organic farmers in
the U.S. gives an idea of the possibilities. Cuba’s success in overcoming a food crisis through
self-reliance and sustainable, virtually pesticide-free agriculture is
another great example. Environmentally sound agricultural alternatives can
be more productive than environmentally destructive
ones. Permaculture is a great example.
Sustainable
housing and city planning is also an alternative that should be globally
implemented instead of simply pointing fingers at a growing population. The
possibilities are endless; from simple Earthship eco-villages to high-tech eco-cities.
Sustainable
housing and city planning is not only a great idea for the planet, it would
solve all hunger problems we face today. For example, every Earthship
home is outfitted with one or two greenhouses that grow crops year-round, no
matter the climate. This means that people can feed themselves with
only the plants growing inside their own house. A fish pond and/or chicken
coop can also be built into Earthships for a constant source of meat and eggs.
Hunger is NOT just an “inevitable” part of life.
“Humanity is acquiring all the right technology for all
the wrong reasons.”
- R. Buckminster Fuller
- Hemp For Global Sustainability: www.hempforfuture.com
- Factory Farming Destroying The Earth: cowspiracy.com
Earth’s Destruction: Overpopulation Or Unsustainable Practices?
Overpopulation
is blamed for the destruction of the planet, yet have we ever thought of pointing
fingers at the unsustainable practices WE continue to perform in the name of
“profit” despite the many existing alternatives? It is not a question of the
number of people inhabiting our planet, it is a question of personal and
collective responsibility.
The
truth is, if we all shifted towards an earth-friendly lifestyle and designed
sustainable cities that would allow for self-sufficiency and collaboration for
the good of all, we would no longer be considered a threat to the planet. We
would work with nature and not against it. We are a part of nature after all
and it is about time we stop feeling guilty for existing. What we should be
critical of are our actions and destructive system we continue to uphold – not
our species itself – which can all be changed if we stop pretending we are
separate from nature and each other.
All
of the unconscious actions we do are a result of just that: unconsciousness.
Yet we can be conscious. Being conscious IS natural; it is who we are beyond
the artificial blinders we put on as we choose to believe what the media tells
us to believe.
Power To The People: Let’s Create Something New
If
we built this world, what makes us believe we cannot build something different? As of now, we use
most of our manpower, creativity and intelligence to build weapons of war,
unsustainable technologies and meaningless products. We mostly unite forces for
military action. We waste incredible human potential inside of small cubicles
for tasks that could be automated, or that serve no higher purpose.
What
if we used all of our manpower, creativity and intelligence for the
betterment of all life instead of using it solely to empower the few at the
top? What if we united forces not for war and destruction, but for peace
and creation? What if we instead used this same potential to create sustainable
technologies, beneficial products and harmonious systems that would allow
humanity and the earth to thrive? Imagine if we united as a people, stopped
complying and created a more beautiful world—not because of some piece of paper
we would get in return but, because it only makes sense.
Whether or not overpopulation is real may be debatable, but there is no debating that something needs to change. However, I don’t believe that focusing on merely controlling population growth is very constructive if we don’t change the way the population operates on this planet.
We talk about how “terrible” it is to be 7 billion people on the planet, yet we still ignore inequality and corporate profiteering. We still ignore how sustainable technologies are suppressed in the name of power and profit.
So instead of fearing how many people we are… why not use the power of the many to get our act together and CHANGE our ways?
From Collective Evolution @ http://www.collective-evolution.com/2014/10/25/overpopulation-a-fact-or-myth/
For more information about the misanthropic overpopulation myth see http://nexusilluminati.blogspot.com/search/label/overpopulation
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