The Horrifying American Roots of Nazi Eugenics

The Horrifying American Roots of Nazi Eugenics

by Edwin Black

Hitler and his henchmen victimized an entire continent and exterminated millions in his quest for a co-called "Master Race." But the concept of a white, blond-haired, blue-eyed master Nordic race didn't originate with Hitler. The idea was created in the United States, and cultivated in California, decades before Hitler came to power. California eugenicists played an important, although little known, role in the American eugenics movement's campaign for ethnic cleansing.

Eugenics was the racist pseudoscience determined to wipe away all human beings deemed "unfit," preserving only those who conformed to a Nordic stereotype. Elements of the philosophy were enshrined as national policy by forced sterilization and segregation laws, as well as marriage restrictions, enacted in twenty-seven states. In 1909, California became the third state to adopt such laws. Ultimately, eugenics practitioners coercively sterilized some 60,000 Americans, barred the marriage of thousands, forcibly segregated thousands in "colonies," and persecuted untold numbers in ways we are just learning. Before World War II, nearly half of coercive sterilizations were done in California, and even after the war, the state accounted for a third of all such surgeries.

California was considered an epicenter of the American eugenics movement. During the Twentieth Century's first decades, California's eugenicists included potent but little known race scientists, such as Army venereal disease specialist Dr. Paul Popenoe, citrus magnate and Polytechnic benefactor Paul Gosney, Sacramento banker Charles M. Goethe, as well as members of the California State Board of Charities and Corrections and the University of California Board of Regents.

Eugenics would have been so much bizarre parlor talk had it not been for extensive financing by corporate philanthropies, specifically the Carnegie Institution, the Rockefeller Foundation and the Harriman railroad fortune. They were all in league with some of America's most respected scientists hailing from such prestigious universities as Stamford, Yale, Harvard, and Princeton. These academicians espoused race theory and race science, and then faked and twisted data to serve eugenics' racist aims.

Stanford president David Starr Jordan originated the notion of "race and blood" in his 1902 racial epistle "Blood of a Nation," in which the university scholar declared that human qualities and conditions such as talent and poverty were passed through the blood.

In 1904, the Carnegie Institution established a laboratory complex at Cold Spring Harbor on Long Island that stockpiled millions of index cards on ordinary Americans, as researchers carefully plotted the removal of families, bloodlines and whole peoples. From Cold Spring Harbor, eugenics advocates agitated in the legislatures of America, as well as the nation's social service agencies and associations.

The Harriman railroad fortune paid local charities, such as the New York Bureau of Industries and Immigration, to seek out Jewish, Italian and other immigrants in New York and other crowded cities and subject them to deportation, trumped up confinement or forced sterilization.

The Rockefeller Foundation helped found the German eugenics program and even funded the program that Josef Mengele worked in before he went to Auschwitz.

Much of the spiritual guidance and political agitation for the American eugenics movement came from California's quasi-autonomous eugenic societies, such as the Pasadena-based Human Betterment Foundation and the California branch of the American Eugenics Society, which coordinated much of their activity with the Eugenics Research Society in Long Island. These organizations--which functioned as part of a closely-knit network--published racist eugenic newsletters and pseudoscientific journals, such as Eugenical News and Eugenics, and propagandized for the Nazis.

Eugenics was born as a scientific curiosity in the Victorian age. In 1863, Sir Francis Galton, a cousin of Charles Darwin, theorized that if talented people only married other talented people, the result would be measurably better offspring. At the turn of the last century, Galton's ideas were imported into the United States just as Gregor Mendel's principles of heredity were rediscovered. American eugenic advocates believed with religious fervor that the same Mendelian concepts determining the color and size of peas, corn and cattle also governed the social and intellectual character of man.

In an America demographically reeling from immigration upheaval and torn by post-Reconstruction chaos, race conflict was everywhere in the early twentieth century. Elitists, utopians and so-called "progressives" fused their smoldering race fears and class bias with their desire to make a better world. They reinvented Galton's eugenics into a repressive and racist ideology. The intent: populate the earth with vastly more of their own socio-economic and biological kind--and less or none of everyone else.

The superior species the eugenics movement sought was populated not merely by tall, strong, talented people. Eugenicists craved blond, blue-eyed Nordic types. This group alone, they believed, was fit to inherit the earth. In the process, the movement intended to subtract emancipated Negroes, immigrant Asian laborers, Indians, Hispanics, East Europeans, Jews, dark-haired hill folk, poor people, the infirm and really anyone classified outside the gentrified genetic lines drawn up by American raceologists.

How? By identifying so-called "defective" family trees and subjecting them to lifelong segregation and sterilization programs to kill their bloodlines. The grand plan was to literally wipe away the reproductive capability of those deemed weak and inferior--the so-called "unfit." The eugenicists hoped to neutralize the viability of 10 percent of the population at a sweep, until none were left except themselves.

Eighteen solutions were explored in a Carnegie-supported 1911 "Preliminary Report of the Committee of the Eugenic Section of the American Breeder's Association to Study and to Report on the Best Practical Means for Cutting Off the Defective Germ-Plasm in the Human Population." Point eight was euthanasia.

The most commonly suggested method of eugenicide in America was a "lethal chamber" or public locally operated gas chambers. In 1918, Popenoe, the Army venereal disease specialist during World War I, co-wrote the widely used textbook, Applied Eugenics, which argued, "From an historical point of view, the first method which presents itself is execution… Its value in keeping up the standard of the race should not be underestimated." Applied Eugenics also devoted a chapter to "Lethal Selection," which operated "through the destruction of the individual by some adverse feature of the environment, such as excessive cold, or bacteria, or by bodily deficiency."

Eugenic breeders believed American society was not ready to implement an organized lethal solution. But many mental institutions and doctors practiced improvised medical lethality and passive euthanasia on their own. One institution in Lincoln, Illinois fed its incoming patients milk from tubercular cows believing a eugenically strong individual would be immune. Thirty to forty percent annual death rates resulted at Lincoln. Some doctors practiced passive eugenicide one newborn infant at a time. Others doctors at mental institutions engaged in lethal neglect.

Nonetheless, with eugenicide marginalized, the main solution for eugenicists was the rapid expansion of forced segregation and sterilization, as well as more marriage restrictions. California led the nation, performing nearly all sterilization procedures with little or no due process. In its first twenty-five years of eugenic legislation, California sterilized 9,782 individuals, mostly women. Many were classified as "bad girls," diagnosed as "passionate," "oversexed" or "sexually wayward." At Sonoma, some women were sterilized because of what was deemed an abnormally large clitoris or labia.

In 1933 alone, at least 1,278 coercive sterilizations were performed, 700 of which were on women. The state's two leading sterilization mills in 1933 were Sonoma State Home with 388 operations and Patton State Hospital with 363 operations. Other sterilization centers included Agnews, Mendocino, Napa, Norwalk, Stockton and Pacific Colony state hospitals.

Even the United States Supreme Court endorsed aspects of eugenics. In its infamous 1927 decision, Supreme Court Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes wrote, "It is better for all the world, if instead of waiting to execute degenerate offspring for crime, or to let them starve for their imbecility, society can prevent those who are manifestly unfit from continuing their kind…. Three generations of imbeciles are enough." This decision opened the floodgates for thousands to be coercively sterilized or otherwise persecuted as subhuman. Years later, the Nazis at the Nuremberg trials quoted Holmes's words in their own defense.

Only after eugenics became entrenched in the United States was the campaign transplanted into Germany, in no small measure through the efforts of California eugenicists, who published booklets idealizing sterilization and circulated them to German officials and scientists.

Hitler studied American eugenics laws. He tried to legitimize his anti-Semitism by medicalizing it, and wrapping it in the more palatable pseudoscientific facade of eugenics. Hitler was able to recruit more followers among reasonable Germans by claiming that science was on his side. While Hitler's race hatred sprung from his own mind, the intellectual outlines of the eugenics Hitler adopted in 1924 were made in America.

During the '20s, Carnegie Institution eugenic scientists cultivated deep personal and professional relationships with Germany's fascist eugenicists. In Mein Kampf, published in 1924, Hitler quoted American eugenic ideology and openly displayed a thorough knowledge of American eugenics. "There is today one state," wrote Hitler, "in which at least weak beginnings toward a better conception [of immigration] are noticeable. Of course, it is not our model German Republic, but the United States."

Hitler proudly told his comrades just how closely he followed the progress of the American eugenics movement. "I have studied with great interest," he told a fellow Nazi, "the laws of several American states concerning prevention of reproduction by people whose progeny would, in all probability, be of no value or be injurious to the racial stock."

Hitler even wrote a fan letter to American eugenic leader Madison Grant calling his race-based eugenics book, The Passing of the Great Race his "bible."

Hitler's struggle for a superior race would be a mad crusade for a Master Race. Now, the American term "Nordic" was freely exchanged with "Germanic" or "Aryan." Race science, racial purity and racial dominance became the driving force behind Hitler's Nazism. Nazi eugenics would ultimately dictate who would be persecuted in a Reich-dominated Europe, how people would live, and how they would die. Nazi doctors would become the unseen generals in Hitler's war against the Jews and other Europeans deemed inferior. Doctors would create the science, devise the eugenic formulas, and even hand-select the victims for sterilization, euthanasia and mass extermination.

During the Reich's early years, eugenicists across America welcomed Hitler's plans as the logical fulfillment of their own decades of research and effort. California eugenicists republished Nazi propaganda for American consumption. They also arranged for Nazi scientific exhibits, such as an August 1934 display at the L.A. County Museum, for the annual meeting of the American Public Health Association.

In 1934, as Germany's sterilizations were accelerating beyond 5,000 per month, the California eugenics leader C. M. Goethe upon returning from Germany ebulliently bragged to a key colleague, "You will be interested to know, that your work has played a powerful part in shaping the opinions of the group of intellectuals who are behind Hitler in this epoch-making program. Everywhere I sensed that their opinions have been tremendously stimulated by American thought.…I want you, my dear friend, to carry this thought with you for the rest of your life, that you have really jolted into action a great government of 60 million people."

That same year, ten years after Virginia passed its sterilization act, Joseph DeJarnette, superintendent of Virginia's Western State Hospital, observed in the Richmond Times-Dispatch, "The Germans are beating us at our own game."

More than just providing the scientific roadmap, America funded Germany's eugenic institutions. By 1926, Rockefeller had donated some $410,000 -- almost $4 million in 21st-Century money -- to hundreds of German researchers. In May 1926, Rockefeller awarded $250,000 to the German Psychiatric Institute of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute, later to become the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Psychiatry. Among the leading psychiatrists at the German Psychiatric Institute was Ernst Rüdin, who became director and eventually an architect of Hitler's systematic medical repression.

Another in the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute's eugenic complex of institutions was the Institute for Brain Research. Since 1915, it had operated out of a single room. Everything changed when Rockefeller money arrived in 1929. A grant of $317,000 allowed the Institute to construct a major building and take center stage in German race biology. The Institute received additional grants from the Rockefeller Foundation during the next several years. Leading the Institute, once again, was Hitler's medical henchman Ernst Rüdin. Rüdin's organization became a prime director and recipient of the murderous experimentation and research conducted on Jews, Gypsies and others.

Beginning in 1940, thousands of Germans taken from old age homes, mental institutions and other custodial facilities were systematically gassed. Between 50,000 and 100,000 were eventually killed.

Leon Whitney, executive secretary of the American Eugenics Society declared of Nazism, "While we were pussy-footing around…the Germans were calling a spade a spade."

 

A special recipient of Rockefeller funding was the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Anthropology, Human Heredity and Eugenics in Berlin. For decades, American eugenicists had craved twins to advance their research into heredity. The Institute was now prepared to undertake such research on an unprecedented level. On May 13, 1932, the Rockefeller Foundation in New York dispatched a radiogram to its Paris office: JUNE MEETING EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE NINE THOUSAND DOLLARS OVER THREE YEAR PERIOD TO KWG INSTITUTE ANTHROPOLOGY FOR RESEARCH ON TWINS AND EFFECTS ON LATER GENERATIONS OF SUBSTANCES TOXIC FOR GERM PLASM.

At the time of Rockefeller's endowment, Otmar Freiherr von Verschuer, a hero in American eugenics circles, functioned as a head of the Institute for Anthropology, Human Heredity and Eugenics. Rockefeller funding of that Institute continued both directly and through other research conduits during Verschuer's early tenure. In 1935, Verschuer left the Institute to form a rival eugenics facility in Frankfurt that was much heralded in the American eugenic press. Research on twins in the Third Reich exploded, backed up by government decrees. Verschuer wrote in Der Erbarzt, a eugenic doctor's journal he edited, that Germany's war would yield a "total solution to the Jewish problem."

Verschuer had a long-time assistant. His name was Josef Mengele. On May 30, 1943, Mengele arrived at Auschwitz. Verschuer notified the German Research Society, "My assistant, Dr. Josef Mengele (M.D., Ph.D.) joined me in this branch of research. He is presently employed as Hauptsturmführer [captain] and camp physician in the Auschwitz concentration camp. Anthropological testing of the most diverse racial groups in this concentration camp is being carried out with permission of the SS Reichsführer [Himmler]."

Mengele began searching the boxcar arrivals for twins. When he found them, he performed beastly experiments, scrupulously wrote up the reports and sent the paperwork back to Verschuer's institute for evaluation. Often, cadavers, eyes and other body parts were also dispatched to Berlin's eugenic institutes.

Rockefeller executives never knew of Mengele. With few exceptions, the foundation had ceased all eugenic studies in Nazi-occupied Europe before the war erupted in 1939. But by that time the die had been cast. The talented men Rockefeller and Carnegie financed, the institutions they helped found, and the science it helped create took on a scientific momentum of their own.

After the war, eugenics was declared a crime against humanity--an act of genocide. Germans were tried and they cited the California statutes in their defense. To no avail. They were found guilty.

However, Mengele's boss Verschuer escaped prosecution. Verschuer re-established his connections with California eugenicists who had gone underground and renamed their crusade "human genetics." Typical was an exchange July 25, 1946 when Popenoe wrote Verschuer, "It was indeed a pleasure to hear from you again. I have been very anxious about my colleagues in Germany…. I suppose sterilization has been discontinued in Germany?" Popenoe offered tidbits about various American eugenic luminaries and then sent various eugenic publications. In a separate package, Popenoe sent some cocoa, coffee and other goodies.

Verschuer wrote back, "Your very friendly letter of 7/25 gave me a great deal of pleasure and you have my heartfelt thanks for it. The letter builds another bridge between your and my scientific work; I hope that this bridge will never again collapse but rather make possible valuable mutual enrichment and stimulation."

Soon, Verschuer once again became a respected scientist in Germany and around the world. In 1949, he became a corresponding member of the newly formed American Society of Human Genetics, organized by American eugenicists and geneticists.

In the fall of 1950, the University of Münster offered Verschuer a position at its new Institute of Human Genetics, where he later became a dean. In the early and mid-1950s, Verschuer became an honorary member of numerous prestigious societies, including the Italian Society of Genetics, the Anthropological Society of Vienna, and the Japanese Society for Human Genetics.

Human genetics' genocidal roots in eugenics were ignored by a victorious generation that refused to link itself to the crimes of Nazism and by succeeding generations that never knew the truth of the years leading up to war. Now governors of five states, including California have issued public apologies to their citizens, past and present, for sterilization and other abuses spawned by the eugenics movement.

Human genetics became an enlightened endeavor in the late twentieth century. Hard-working, devoted scientists finally cracked the human code through the Human Genome Project. Now, every individual can be biologically identified and classified by trait and ancestry. Yet even now, some leading voices in the genetic world are calling for a cleansing of the unwanted among us, and even a master human species.

There is understandable wariness about more ordinary forms of abuse, for example, in denying insurance or employment based on genetic tests. On October 14, America's first genetic anti-discrimination legislation passed the Senate by unanimous vote. Yet because genetics research is global, no single nation's law can stop the threats.

---

This article was first published in the San Francisco Chronicle
Edwin Black is the author of "IBM and the Holocaust" and "War Against the Weak: Eugenics and America's Campaign to Create a Master Race,"  from which the following article is drawn.

From History News Network @ http://historynewsnetwork.org/article/1796

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King Tut's Relatives and Blue Eyed Egyptians

King Tut's Relatives and Blue Eyed Egyptians

  

Reconstruction of Tutankamen

 

King Tut's DNA shows that the Pharaoh belonged to haplogroup R1b1a2, to which 70% of all Western European men belong, indicating that they share a common ancestor. Among modern-day Egyptians this haplogroup contingent is below 1%.

( http://www.disclose.tv/forum/egypts-pharaohs-were-white-dna-shocker-t88152.html

Egypts Pharaohs were WHITE (DNA shocker) : Ancient Mysteries )

 

 

There are two kinds of blonde people in Europe: the Western European reddish or golden blondes and the eastern European (Baltic Sea focus) pale-blondes or yellow-blondes. The paler ones are more recent and probably postglacial spreading out from the Black Sea area following 5500 BC and the Black Sea flood (Part of Global Superflood  number 3) The Golden blonds are older and now more widespread. The origin of all truly blue-eyed people is more definite...

 

 

 

All blue-eyed people can be traced back to one ancestor who lived 10,000 years ago near the Black Sea

 

By MICHAEL HANLON

 Everyone with blue eyes can be traced back 10,000 years to the Black Sea region. Throughout history they have been the eyes that are prized.

Frank Sinatra's were legendary, Paul Newman's melted a million hearts while Cameron Diaz's dazzle in modern Hollywood.

But how - and why - blue eyes arose has always been something of a genetic mystery. Until now.

According to a team of researchers from Copenhagen University, a single mutation which arose as recently as 6-10,000 years ago was responsible for all the blue-eyed people alive on Earth today.

The team, whose research is published in the journal Human Genetics, identified a single mutation in a gene called OCA2, which arose by chance somewhere around the northwest coasts of the Black Sea in one single individual, about 8,000 years ago.

The gene does not "make" blue in the iris; rather, it turns off the mechanism which produces brown melanin pigment. "Originally, we all had brown eyes," says Dr Hans Eiberg, who led the team.

And most people still do. The finding that a rare mutation, probably dispersed in the rapid wave of colonisation that followed the end of the last ice age, highlights one of the great mysteries of human evolution: the oddness of Europeans.

Those from Europe and the Near-East have many characteristics that set them apart from the rest of the human race.

Not only are Europeans far more likely to have blue eyes (95 per cent in some Scandinavian countries), they also have a far greater range of skin tones and hair colour than any other ethnic grouping.

Mafioso Ol' Blue Eyes: The late Frank Sinatra, whose nickname was as famous as his songs

Brilliant blue: Uma Thurman and Cate Blanchett

It is only in Europe that you will find large numbers of blondes and redheads, brunettes, pale skins and olive skins, blueeyed and green-eyed people living together in the same communities. Across the rest of the world people are almost uniformly darkhaired and dark-eyed.

Why this should be remains unknown, and in particular how such mutations can have arisen so quickly since Europe was colonised by Africans just a few tens of thousands of years ago.

One theory is that Europe's cold weather and dark skies played a part. Fair skin is better at making Vitamin D from the 8 per cent of the world's population have blue eyes weak sunlight found in northern latitudes.

Wayne Rooney and Daniel Craig

Another suggestion is that the strange skin, eye and hair colours seen in Europe are down to ancient interbreeding with the Neanderthals, who died out about 25,000 years ago.

Maybe the Neanderthals were blonde or red-haired and it is their genes which we have inherited. The trouble with this theory is that there is no evidence, from the scraps of Neanderthal DNA that have been recovered from bones, that there was any substantial interbreeding between them and Homo sapiens at all.

Perhaps the most plausible theory is that blonde hair and blue eyes arose because of a mechanism called sex selection.

This is where males and females choose as their mates those who have one unusual physical characteristic, not necessarily associated with "fitness" per se but simply something unusual.

The gigantic (and otherwise useless) tail of the peacock is the best example.

Sex selection comes to the fore when there is a lot of competition for mates of one sex or the other. The theory is that in Europe, where men had to spend weeks at a time out on the hunt, males were in very short supply.

In such societies, women who had flaxen locks stood a better chance of standing out and attracting the attention of the few men that would have been available for mating.
Even back then, the blue-eyed blonde was not only in demand, but also definitely would have had more fun.


From http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-511473/All-blue-eyed-people-traced-ancestor-lived-10-000-years-ago-near-Black-Sea.html#ixzz2iL7NaCtw

New Illuminati comments: The peacock’s tail is NOT useless – it’s used to drive off predators by sending a sonic shock wave using the wings and tail as a focusable parabolic dish!

In fact there are two movements here. The flood of agriculturalists into the Danubian area and Eastern Europe was earlier and from between 6000-5000 BC. The Indo-European expansion was more especially after 2000-3000 BC.

The Great Deluge

 

by T.R.Holme

The world got warmer. By 9,000 BC the great glaciers had almost entirely melted and as a result much less water flowed down the rivers into the New Euxine Lake. Temperatures became so hot that waters in the lake evaporated to the point where the surface dropped below the Bosporus outlet. The lake's water no longer flowed into the Mediterannean. As the centuries passed and the warming of the earth continued the Euxine lake shrank smaller and smaller and sank lower and lower. At the same time the polar icecap continued to melt and its water filled the oceans, erasing the land bridge that once connected Britain with the mainland. –

Until there came a time, after thousands of years, that the surface of the Euxine lake was 400 feet below the surface of the Mediterranean Sea -- and the Mediterranean Sea was so full that it was close to the point where it would overflow the old Bosporus channel and pour down into the New Euxine Lake!! It was just a matter of time...

The Great Event occured about 5600 BC. The first trickle of sea water broke through the Bosporus and began to flow down the steep 400 foot incline to the freshwater Lake below -- and as the tiny stream flowed it dissolved its banks and became wider and deeper -- until within a relatively short time the stream became a horrendous waterfall 400 times mightier than Niagra Falls, so loud that its roar could be heard sixty miles away, filling the freshwater lake with salty ocean water, thereafter to be known as the Black Sea.

Of course when the Black Sea was filling up, covering their homes, the people had no idea if it was ever going to stop. Flooding they understood. They lived on rivers. All rivers flood. They simply moved to higher ground and carried on with their lives there until the flood subsided. But this flood was different. It covered their homes which no previous flood had ever done. And then it kept coming.

The new shoreline of the Black Sea expanded a mile every day on average, more in some places, less in others. The people standing on their "higher ground" watched it rise and rise -- until they had to run for their lives again. Some people were on hills totally surrounded by water. Then the hills were gone and they were swimming or floating on trees -- or drowned. Some people were fortunate enough to be on the edge of mountain ranges or at least very tall ranges of hills. These saw the lake rise hundreds of feet and fled in fright through mountain passes to safety, in whichever direction was afforded them. The roar of the end-of-the-world waterfall became louder and louder too -- until it could be heard  500 kilometers away. They could certainly hear the roar in the world's most ancient city, Catal Huyuk.

The frightened people  were like animals fleeing before a forest fire. Entire tribes rushed into the forbidden land of their neighbors.  Everyone was uprooted, strangers from different tribes fleeing together in horror. Refugees poured through Catal Huyuk and Hacilar with the terrible news that the sea had swallowed their homes and farms and was advancing surely to devour Catal Huyuk and Hacilar too. What incredible panic!

The city of Hacilar was an off-spring of Catal Huyuk. The oldest pottery shards there date to about 6700 BC, and is known to have continued until around 5500 BC--  when it suddenly ceased to exist as a city. Marija Gimbutas says “After Hacilar, Anatolian neolithic is not well known, whereas the culture of southeastern Europe flourished and reached its climax between 5500 and 4500 BC. The two areas diverged…” Of course, she wrote these words prior to Ryan and Pitman's discovery of the Black Sea Flood. So she was not able to take their date of 5600 BC into her understanding of what happened to Catal Huyuk and Hacilar, or  the affect it had to have upon the surrounding Old European cultures….

The people this Great Flood effected were the forefathers and foremothers of civilization as we know it today. Their society had come down to them through untold milleniums of intense growth, from the ancient days of following the mammoths along the riverways carving their ivory Mother figurines, through the ending of the great ice age, melting of the ice cap, and warming of the climate with all the changes this brought to their lives, through the age of the early Natufian settlers, through the coming into existance of the world's first city Catal Huyuk and the highly intelligent matristic peoples who lived by the rivers and hotsprings west of the Black Sea. And then the Great Flood came to these people -- the most amazing calamity the human race had ever known.

There must have been some of them who actually lived within sight of the great waterfall. What a vision their eyes beheld. A vision of clamity that would seer their souls so deeply that their stories of the event would be repeated to their children generation after generation after generation -- literally for thousands of years. Great as their vision of the unbelievable waterfall must have been, perhaps the only other event that might have compared would be the Great Rainbows that must have been generated all across the sky all around the waterfall. These too made it into their tales, a sign to them from the Creator that the world would only be destroyed by water this one time, and never again. Just think of those heart-awakeningly beautiful giant rainbows! Never since has mortal eyes beheld such beauty in the heavens. Rainbows upon rainbows upon rainbows upon rainbows upon rainbows upon rainbows upon rainbows upon rainbows upon rainbows upon rainbows upon rainbows...

Even with this enormous amount of water rushing into the Black Sea it did not fill overnight, for it is a huge body over a mile deep, 750 miles long and 380 miles wide. The Black Sea rose a foot every day. It took several years to rise 400 feet to level of the Mediterranian and Aegean. The neolithic people living around the edges of the water saw their homes of many generations flooded and still the water rose, pushing them back desperately into the lands of their neighbors. Those who lived beyond the sound of the roar watched the waters rise in wonder, and met the fleeing refugees in perplexity.

This was the most amazing thing that had ever happened. Entire cultures were forced to pick up whatever of their belongings that they could carry and rush away from the rising water. They rushed away in every direction, pushing their way in and through neighbor's lands where heretofore none of their tribe had previously been brave enough to go, for tribes have boundaries. No boundary held them anymore.

Here was the diaspora of mankind. Because of this great flood immigrant cultures arrived in totally new lands and started entirely new civilizations, some of the most ancient civilizations known to man. And they all  knew  what an amazing thing it was that they had been through. Stories about this great flooding of their entire world would be passed along to their children and children's children for thousands of years to come.

Previous to the great flood the people of the great city cultures of Catal Huyuk and Hacular in Anatolia had no difficulty in knowing the Koronovo and Vinca and other cultures of the west of the Euxine Lake along the great rivers, and vice versa. But after the Bosporus channel roared into existence it would be more difficult for these people cross over to the other side to visit each other. Vincas could not pass easily to Anatolia. Anatolians could not pass easily to the Danube communities.
The Danube had always been a great highway. Now more than ever, the first farmers of the Black Sea took to that highway and moved in great numbers on to Northern France and from there to Spain. It is no coincidence that the first farming along the Danube and Rhine dates to the same timeframe as the cataclysmic flooding of the Black Sea, 5500/5600 BC.

The map at the top of the page is sort of a mongrel thing, putting together information gleaned from various sources. The dates of the first farmers came from Gimbutas.

The hot springs locations are my own research. Hot springs are natural features of the earth and are much older than the oldest human civilizations. It's not difficult to see that the earliest human cities were deliberately located near hot springs. They were looking for hot springs because they were considered the most sacred places.  It's amazing others have missed this fact. I think  most archeologists and historians have had little or no personal experience with wilderness hot springs and therefore really have no idea what they meant to primitive people.

Most hot springs have been built up for commercial purposes, are surrounded by walls and ceiling. It's not possible to appreciate such hot springs in the same way of our ancestors knew them. One would have to arrive with one's family, tired and cold and perhaps wounded and perhaps old and rheumatic and unable to hunt or forage because of the disabilities, and settle into the hot healing waters with your loved ones, to begin to perceive the holy place they have been since the dawn of time.

It seems extremely odd to such as us, who know  about the sacredness of thermal springs, to read the works of great archeologists and historians who write of the birth of sacred writing or the spread of Old-European Danubian/Dneister cultures westward, and fail to mention that the lands immediately west of the Black Sea contain not a few, but thousands of hot springs. Romania has three thousand! Checkoslovakia has over two thousand thermal and mineral springs! And the land immediately south of the Black Sea, Anatolia, home of Catal Huyuk the world's most ancient city, has over a thousand hotsprings! What a heavenly part of the world! A land of marshlands full of birds and birds nests and eggs, fish and molusks, deer, everything in incredible abundance. And on top of it all, thousands and thousands of heavenly hotsprings for their most exquisite pleasure. If ever there was a garden of Eden on the earth for the human race this was it.

And then the Great Lake rose and swallowed all the civilization that lived on its shores, sent the people fleeing for their lives in all directions.

People who lived on the South Eastern shores of the Black Sea headed South East away from the rising waters. Of course they were familiar with their back yard. They were foragers. They knew where they were going. Their trek brought them to Mt Ararat and Lake Van. The Bible tells us Noah's ark rested on Mt Ararat after the Flood. The Black Sea waters never rose that high. But the refugees of the South-eastern shores of the Black Sea would naturally have headed there. It is also interesting to note that the area immediately around Mt Ararat and Lake Van contain a great many sacred natural hot springs.

One might easily suppose that these people would never again trust the Black Sea enough to return and live near it. They would remain near Lake Van and Mt Ararat and make their homes. Nearby are the sources of both the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. In  the centuries that followed their children would move down these rivers and create cities: Nimrod, Resena, Mari, Ninevah and much later the cities of Sumer, and Babylon, and Ur.
The people of Catal Huyuk would also head east to the Tigris and Euprhrates Rivers lending their building skills to the creation of the new cities. Flint axes found on the Tigris and Euphrates came from Hasan Dag volcano in Anatolia.

Other refugees followed the shores of the Levant to Jericho and beyond to the land that has come to be called Egypt. Their descendants built the pyramids.

The people that lived in the northwest of the Black Sea pushed on to the Caspian and crossed the Volga river forcing them to confronts the Kurgan people of the land that now bears the name Kazakhstan, the ramifications of which we will read in the pages to follow.

The new lands would in many ways not be as nice as the lands they had left behind, a world of thousands upon thousands of natural hotsprings, where a simple emersion was a blessing and an enlightenment. Few would be the hotsprings in their new lands, their blessings and enlightenment would for the most part be merely a vague memory passed on in obscure religious traditions.

The left-hand figurine is Vinca from 5000 BC (Danube people west of the Black Sea.) The righthand figurine is an Iberian druid from 500 BC.The people who lived to the west of the Black Sea followed the Danube and Dneister rivers west, some venturing down the boot of Italy, others proceeding on to France and Spain. Around 4500 BC the Danubians crossed the channel and settled on the island of Britain. There is only one natural thermal springs in all of Britain. The first people must have considered it very sacred. They built Stonehenge only a few miles away.

***

The scientists who made the discovery of the ancient catastrophe of the Black Sea are William Ryan and Walter Pitman of the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory in Palisades, New York. They have taken extensive core-samples from the bottom of the Black Sea and discovered that up to 7500 years ago it was a much smaller freshwater lake, 400 feet lower than sea level when the flood burst through the Bosporus that changed the world.  I encourage you to read their book, NOAH'S FLOOD.

This website will only be able to scratch the surface of the subject which their book covers excellently and thoroughly. Also bear in mind that in writing this article I diverge from their work in some areas and include material that I have gleaned from other scientist authors, the most notable being Marija Gimbutas particularly from her books THE CIVILIATION OF THE GODDESS and THE LANGUAGE OF THE GODDESS. To my mind the research of Gimbutas and Ryan and Pittman go together like two peas in a pod. Also many of the ideas in this website are purely my own, for instance the idea that the first clothing of the human race came from the abundant piles of mammoth-shedded wool which covered the primordial landscape, which early hunters would fix around them to disguise themselves as mammoths in order to creep up on a herd.  And it is my own idea that it was the gargantuan rivers that kept the Siberian/Kurgans in the east during the final milleniums of the ice age... I have my own ideas about many of these things.

Regarding the work of Marija Gimbutas: She is like an oracle. The womb of life truly was the first essence of theosophic study and even veneration. It is as clear as nature to me.

To read the National Geographic information on Ballard's research into the Black Sea Flood click here

To read the pbs.org account of the Black Sea Flood of 5600 BC click here.

A review of NOAH'S FLOOD by Mark Rose

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Sea_deluge_hypothesis

Farming 5000BC, modified Wikipedia map

As to the blond Berbers and Libyans of the ancient Egyptians, several of us were looking at the whole thing backwards. We had been saying Northern Europeans had travelled to Egypt and Mesopotamia at the very beginnings of their histories

"The ancient Egyptians were red men. They recognized four races of men--the red, yellow, black, and white men. They themselves belonged to the "Rot," or red men; the yellow men they called "Namu"--it included the Asiatic races; the black men were called "Nahsu," and the white men "Tamhu." (Ignatius Donnelly, Atlantis, the Antediluvian World, 1882, p. 195)

Ancient Egyptian paintings were translated as depicting the modern races (red, yellow, black, white). Reproductions of these paintings from this time frequently show exaggerated differences in skin tone.

This is recognizable from 2000 BC at least     (Wikipedia)

Now it becomes likely that we are talking about two different things involved in the matter of blue-eyed pharaohs. The Pharaohs of Egypt WERE related to the Western Europeans, having a common heritage with the Megalith Builders (the same R1b1 genes also occur in the Atlas mountains area of Northwest Africa) But they were NOT the blue-eyed blond element. The blue eyed blonds came out of the Black Sea area and mostly found refuge going off to the Northwest from the Black Sea area, finally settling in concentration around the Baltic Sea.  BUT there was another strain that went south and mingled with the early Egyptians, Sumerians and so on, and they were Libyans south of the Mediterranean with descendants that mixed in with the Canary Islanders and survive as the Blond Berbers.

THESE were probably the ancestors of the Blond Incas. The aristocratic or royal element in Egypt WAS introduced from the West (where their spirits were supposed to go when they died, Armenti)  and hence there is just cause for saying they were Atlanteans (out of the "Celtic" R1 group that seems to have returned to Europe at the end of the Ice Age) BUT the Megalith-Building Northwest Europeans of 2000-3000 BC would NOT be blue-eyed blondes at the time: they would be dark-eyed brunets and look mostly like  our usual Mediterraneans.  PreCataclysmic Atlanteans should not be either blond-haired or blue-eyed. 

The Maya Facebook page (also posting in Ancient Egypt and on other pages) posted notice of this news item along with the other evidence for blue-eyed Pharaohs and blond/redheaded Egyptian mummies:

via Frontiers of Anthropology @ http://frontiers-of-anthropology.blogspot.com.au/2013/10/king-tuts-relatives-and-blue-eyed.html

For more information about ice age civilisations see http://nexusilluminati.blogspot.com/search/label/ice%20age%20civilisation
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