Thursday, 30 September 2010

Ooparts: Anachronistic Out Of Place Artefacts

Who left the modern shoe prints found in stone more than 200 million years before humans appeared and dinosaurs roamed the planet?

Who left the metallic spheres found in South Africa,. obviously made by intelligent beings but more than two billion years before humans evolved on the earth?

Did modern humans meet their untimely death to have their remains preserved in the earth, hundreds of thousands of years before seemingly possible? From where, or perhaps "when," were advanced civilizations visiting our past thousand's and million's of years before humans appeared on the earth?

Explore the possibilities with this fascinating scientific evidence. These represent just the surface of the forbidden knowledge being hidden and protected today... knowledge that suggests a strong possibility that our views of human origins are either incorrect, or maybe that time travellers have already visited Earth's past.

Cenozoic Era Evidence

The Cenozoic Era is last of the five major eras of geologic time, beginning about 65 million years ago and extending through the present. It follows the Cretaceous period of the Mesozoic era and is subdivided into the Tertiary period and the Quaternary period. Features of Tertiary times are considered in articles under the names of the various shorter time periods (epochs) making up the Tertiary period; in order, from earliest to latest, these are the Paleocene, Eocene, Oligocene, Miocene, and Pliocene.

The accepted scientific view of evolution in the Cenozoic Era shows human beings appearing on the earth about 1.6 million years ago, and human civilization just 10,000 years ago. Yet the scientific finds presented below present a very shocking and different story.

Pleistocene Epoch Finds

	Copper Coin from Illinois, over 200,000 years old This rendition of a coin-like object, from a well boring near Lawn Ridge, Illinois, was found at a depth of about 114 feet below the surface. According to the information supplied by the Illinois State Geological Survey, the deposits containing the coin are between 200,000 and 400,000 years old... who left this coin hundreds of thousands of years before civilized man evolved?
	Modern Human Skeleton from Tanzania, over 800,000 years old In 1913 Professor Hans Reck, of Berlin University, conducted investigations at Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania, then German East Africa. During his stay at Olduvai Gorge, Reck found a modern human skeleton that remains a source of mystery and controversy to this day. This modern skull is from a fully human skeleton found that year. The human skeletal remains, including this complete skull, were cemented in the rock and had to be chipped with hammers and chisels. It was found in the upper end of a rock bed dated at more than 1,000,000 years old. How did this modern human find his way 1,000,000 years into the past?
	Willendorf Venus Statue, over 30,000 years old The Willendorf Venus, from Europe, dated at 30,000 years old. Who created or left this artifact nearly 20,000 years before human civilization appeared?
	Modern Human Skull in Buenos Aires, over 1,000,000 years old In 1896, workers excavating a dry dock in Buenos Aires found a modern human skull. The Pre-Ensenadan stratum in which the Buenos Aires skull was found is a least 1.0 - 1.5 million years old. Even at 1 million years the presence of a fully modern human skull anywhere in the world is highly anomalous. Why and how did a modern human arrive in Buenos Aires over 1,000,000 years ahead of its time?

Pliocene Epoch Finds

	Figurines from Nampa, Idaho, about 2 million years old A small human image, skillfully formed in clay, was found in 1889 at Nampa, Idaho. The figurine came from the 300-foot level of a well boring and dated to be of the Plio-Pleistocene age, about 2 million years old. G. F. Wright noted, "The image is about an inch and a half long; and remarkable for the perfection with which it represents the human form... It was a female figure, and had the lifelike lineaments in the parts which were finished that would do credit to the classic centers of art. Upon showing the object to Professor F. W. Putnam," wrote Wright, "he at once directed attention to the character of the incrustations of iron upon the surface as indicative of a relic of considerable antiquity. There were patches of anhydrous red oxide of iron in protected places upon it, such as could not have been formed upon any fraudulent object." Humans had not even evolved on this planet two million years ago. So who created or left this artifact in earth's distant past?
	Modern Human Skull found in Italy, over 3 - 4 million years old. Late in the summer of 1860, Professor Giuseppe Ragazzoni, a geologist and teacher at the Technical Institute of Brescia, traveled to the nearby locale of Castenedolo, about 10 kilometers southeast of Brescia, to gather fossil shells in the Pliocene strata exposed in a pit at the base of a low hill, the Colle de Vento. Here he discovered this remarkable and anatomically modern human skull. The stratum from which it was taken is assigned to the Astian stage of the Pliocene. According to modern authorities, the Astian belongs to the Middle Pliocene, which would give the skull an age of 3 - 4 million years. Why and how did this modern human visit Italy nearly two million years before human beings walked the planet?
	Carved Shell from the Red Crag, England, between 2.0 and 2.5 million years old. In a report delivered to the British Association for the Advancement of Science in 1881, H. Stopes, F.G.S. (Fellow of the Geological Society), described a shell, the surface of which bore a carving of a crude but unmistakably human face. The carved shell was found in the stratified deposits of the Red Crag. The Red Crag, part of which is called the Walton Crag, is dated to be of Late Pliocene age between 2.0 and 2.5 million years old. This find would place intelligent beings in England as far back as 2.0 million and maybe as much as 2.5 million years ago. One should keep in mind that in terms of conventional paleoanthropological opinion, one does not encounter such works of art until the time of fully modern Cro-Magnon man in the Late Pleistocene, about 30,000 years ago. What visitor to Earth's distant past carved and left this shell?

Eocene Epoch Finds

	Chalk Ball near Laon, France, 45 - 55 million years old. The April 1862 edition of The Geologist included an English translation of an intriguing report by Maximilien Melleville, the vice president of the Societe Academique of Laon , France. This chalk ball was discovered in an Early Eocene lignite bed. On the basis of its stratigraphic position, is has been assigned a date of 45 - 55 million years ago. According to Melleville, there was no possibility that the chalk ball was a forgery: "It really is penetrated over four-fifths of its height by a black bituminous color that merges toward the top into a yellow circle, and which is evidently due to the contact of the lignite in which it had been for so long a time plunged. The upper part, which was in contact with the shell bed, on the contrary has preserved its natural color -- the dull white of the chalk.... As to the rock in which it was found, I can affirm that it is perfectly virgin, and presents no trace whatever of any ancient exploitation. As extraordinary as it might seem to those attached to standard evolutionary views, the evidence associated in this find suggest that if humans made the ball, they must have been in France 45 - 55 million years ago. Who made and left this man made artifact in our past long before human evolution... even before grazing and carnivorous mammals walked the planet?
	Mortar and Pestle in California, up to 55 million years old. In 1877 Mr. J. H. Neale was superintendent of the Montezuma Tunnel Company, and ran the Montezuma tunnel into the gravel underlying the lava of Table Mountain, Tuolumne County.... At a distance of between 1400 and 1500 feet from the mouth of the tunnel, or of between 200 and 300 feet beyond the edge of the solid lava, Mr. Neale saw several spear-heads of some dark rock and nearly one foot in length. On exploring further, he himself found a small mortar three or four inches in diameter and of irregular shape. This was discovered within a foot or two of the spear-heads. He then found a large well-formed pestle and near by a large and very regular mortar. All of these relics were found the same afternoon, and were all within a few feet of one another and close to the bed-rock, perhaps within a foot of it. Mr. Neale declares that it is utterly impossible that these relics can have reached the position in which they were found excepting at the time the gravel was deposited, and before the lava cap formed. The position of the artifacts in gravel close to the bed-rock at Tuolumne Table Mountain indicates they were 33-55 million years old. Grazing and carnivorous mammals had not even evolved on the planet at this time. So who brought and left behind these artifacts in California nearly 50 million years ago?
	Sling Stone from Bramford, England, 5 - 50 million years old. This sling stone is from the detritus bed beneath the Red Crag at Bramford, England. At least Pliocene in age, the stone is at least 5 million and possibly up to 50 million years old. Upon examination it was obvious that the stone had been shaped by the hand of man.... The whole surface... has been scraped with a flint, in such a way that it is covered with a series of facets running fairly regularly from end to end.... The scraping described above covers the whole surface of the object, and penetrates into its irregularities. As it stands the object is entirely artificial... yet left in a time millions of years before humans had had even evolved on the Earth.

Mesozoic Era Finds

The Mesozoic Era is one of the major divisions of geological history, following the Paleozoic era and preceding the Cenozoic era. The Mesozoic era, which lasted from approximately 240 million to 65 million years ago, may be characterized as the Age of Reptiles because their greatest development occurred during this era. The first birds and mammals and the first flowering plants also appeared at this time. The Mesozoic era is divided into three time periods: the Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous.

As we move back into time we enter a period in the Mesozoic Era that began with the first dinosaurs appearing on the earth and ending with the development of flowering plants. Humans wouldn't evolve for at least another 136 million years. Yet the scientific finds below suggest proof that advanced civilizations were visiting Earth's past and walking at a time when dinosaurs roamed the planet.

Cretaceous Period

Metallic Tube at Saint-Jean de Livet, France over 65 million years old.

Y. Druet and H. Salfati announced in 1968 the discovery of semi-ovoid metallic tubes of identical shape but varying size in Cretaceous chalk. The chalk bed, exposed in a quarry at Saint-Jean de Livet, France, is estimated to be least 65 million years old. Having considered and eliminated several hypotheses, Druet and Salfati concluded that intelligent beings had lived 65 million years ago. Who brought and left behind these metallic tubes in France more than 65 million years before the first human being would appear?

Triassic Period

Shoe Sole from Nevada, dated at 213 - 248 million years ago.

On October 8, 1922, the American Weekly section of the New York Sunday American ran a prominent feature titled "Mystery of the Petrified 'Shoe Sole,' by Dr. W. H. Ballou. Ballou wrote: "Some time ago, while he was prospecting for fossils in Nevada, John T. Reid, a distinguished mining engineer and geologist, stopped suddenly and looked down in utter bewilderment and amazement at a rock near his feet. For there, a part of the rock itself, was what seemed to be a human footprint!

Closer inspection showed that it was not a mark of a naked foot, but was, apparently, a shoe sole which had been turned into stone. The forepart was missing. But there was the outline of at least two-thirds of it, and around this outline ran a well-defined sewn thread which had, it appeared, attached the welt to the sole. Further on was another line of sewing, and in the center, where the foot would have rested had the object really been a shoe sole, there was an indentation, exactly such as would have been made by the bone of the heel rubbing upon and wearing down the material of which the sole had been made.

Reid got hold of a microphotographer and an analytical chemist of the Rockefeller Institute, who made photos and analyses of the specimen. The analyses removed any doubt of the shoe sole having been subjected to Triassic fossilization.

The microphoto magnifications are twenty times larger than the specimen itself, showing the minutest detail of thread twist and warp, proving conclusively that the shoe sole is not a resemblance, but is strictly the handiwork of man. Even to the naked eye the threads can be seen distinctly, along with the definitely symmetrical outlines of the shoe sole. Inside this rim and running parallel to it is a line which appears to be regularly perforated as if for stitches. The Triassic rock bearing the fossil shoe sole is now recognized as being dated at 213 - 248 million years old. An obviously modern shoe, complete with stitching, and etched in time in ancient Triassic rock. What modern visitor was walking in our distant past more than 210 million years ago before the age of the dinosaurs?

Paleozoic Era Proof

The Paleozoic Era is a major division of geological time, preceded by Precambrian time and followed by the Mesozoic era, and including the Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous, and Permian periods. The Paleozoic Era began about 570 million years ago and ended about 240 million years ago.

As we move back even further in time we enter this period of the Paleozoic Era where life was evolving from primitive, multicellular, free-floating forms in the sea to advanced groups on land. The most advanced life forms at the end of this period where amphibians, insects, fern forests, and small reptiles. Humans would not evolve for nearly another 300 million years. Yet the scientific finds below again suggest even more strongly that modern humans with advanced technology were visiting Earth's past and walking at a time when the first life forms were just beginning to emerge on our planet.

Carboniferous Period

Gold Thread in England, between 320 - 360 million years old.

On June 22, 1844, this curious report appeared in the London Times: "A few days ago, as some workmen were employed in quarrying a rock close to the Tweed about a quarter of a mile below Rutherford-mill, a gold thread was discovered embedded in the stone at a depth of eight feet." Dr. A. W. Medd of the British Geological Survey wrote in 1985 that this stone is of Early Carboniferous age between 320 and 360 million years old. Who dropped this gold thread in the ancient fern forests in a distant time when the most advanced life forms on the planet where amphibians and insects?

Gold Chain from Morrisonville, Illinois, 260 - 320 million years old.

On June 11, 1891, The Morrisonville Times reported: "A curious find was brought to light by Mrs. S. W. Culp last Tuesday morning. As she was breaking a lump of coal preparatory to putting it in the scuttle, she discovered, as the lump fell apart, embedded in a circular shape a small gold chain about ten inches in length of antique and quaint workmanship.

At first Mrs. Culp thought the chain had been dropped accidentally in the coal, but as she undertook to lift the chain up, the idea of its having been recently dropped was at once made fallacious, for as the lump of coal broke it separated almost in the middle, and the circular position of the chain placed the two ends near to each other, and as the lump separated, the middle of the chain became loosened while each end remained fastened to the coal.

The lump of coal from which this chain was taken is supposed to come from the Taylorville or Pana mines (southern Illinois) and almost hushes one's breath with mystery when it is thought for how many long ages the earth has been forming strata after strata which hid the golden links from view. The chain was an eight-carat gold and weighed eight penny-weights." The Illinois State Geological Survey has said the coal in which the gold chain was found is 260 - 320 million years old. This raises the possibility that culturally advanced human beings were present or visiting in North America during that time. How did this gold chain find itself left behind in Earth's distant past more than a quarter of a billion years before humans had evolved?

Carved Stone near Webster, Iowa, 260 - 320 million years old.

The April 2,1897 edition of the Daily News of Omaha, Nebraska, carried an article titled "Carved Stone Buried in a Mine," which described an object from a mine near Webster City, Iowa. The article stated: "While mining coal today in the Lehigh coal mine, at a depth of 130 feet, one of the miners came upon a piece of rock which puzzles him and he was unable to account for its presence at the bottom of the coal mine. The stone is of a dark grey color and about two feet long, one foot wide and four inches in thickness. Over the surface of the stone, which is very hard, lines are drawn at angles forming perfect diamonds. The center of each diamond is a fairly good face of an old man having a peculiar indentation in the forehead that appears in each of the pictures, all of them being remarkably alike. Of the faces, all but two are looking to the right. Was this stone carved and left behind by a traveler from earth's future?

Iron Cup from Oklahoma Coal Mine, 312 million years old.

On November 27, 1948 the following statement was made by Frank J. Kenwood in Sulphur Springs, Arkansas. "While I was working in the Municipal Electric Plant in Thomas, Oklahoma in 1912, I came upon a solid chunk of coal which was too large to use. I broke it with a sledge hammer. This iron pot fell from the center leaving the impression mould of the pot in the piece of coal. Jim Stall (an employee of the company) witnessed the breaking of the coal, and saw the pot fall out. I traced the source of the coal, and found that it came from the Wilburton, Oklahoma, Mines. According to Robert O. Fay of the Oklahoma Geological Survey, the Wilburton mine coal is about 312 million years old. What advanced civilization or visitor was creating or using iron pots in our past more than 300 million years ago?

Block Wall in an Oklahoma Mine, at least 286 million years old.

W. W. McCormick of Abilene, Texas, reported his grandfather's account of a stone block wall that was found deep within a coal mine: "In the year 1928, I, Atlas Almon Mathis, was working in coal mine No. 5., located two miles north of Heavener, Oklahoma. This was a shaft mine, and they told us it was two miles deep. The mine was so deep that they let us down into it on an elevator.... They pumped air down to us, it was so deep." One evening, Mathis was blasting coal loose by explosives in "room 24" of this mine. "The next morning," said Mathis, "there were several concrete blocks laying in the room. These blocks were 12-inch cubes and were so smooth and polished on the outside that all six sides could serve as mirrors. Yet they were full of gravel, because I chipped one of them open with my pick, and it was plain concrete inside."

Mathis added: "As I started to timber the room up, it caved in; and I barely escaped. When I came back after the cave-in, a solid wall of these polished blocks was left exposed. About 100 to 150 yards farther down our air core, another miner struck this same wall, or one very similar." The coal in the mine was Carboniferous, which would mean the wall was at least 286 million years old. According to Mathis, the mining company officers immediately pulled the men out of the mine and forbade them to speak about what they had seen.

Mathis said the Wilburton miners also told of finding "a solid block of silver in the shape of a barrel... with the prints of the staves on it," in an area of coal dating between 280 and 320 million years ago. What advance civilization built this wall? Why was the truth, as is so many of these cases protected and hidden? What is the real truth about time travelers, modern humans, and modern technology in our past?

Hieroglyphics in Ohio Coal Mine, 260 million year old.

It is reported that James Parsons, and his two sons, exhumed a slate wall in a coal mine at Hammondville, Ohio, in 1868. It was a large smooth wall, disclosed when a great mass of coal fell away from it, and on its surface, carved in bold relief, were several lines of hieroglyphics. Who carved these hieroglyphics more than 250 years before humans walked the earth?

Devonian Period

Nail in Devonian Sandstone, between 360 and 408 million years old.

In 1844, Sir David Brewster reported that a nail had been discovered firmly embedded in a block of sandstone from the Kingoodie (Mylnfield) Quarry in North Britain. Dr. A. W. Medd of the British Geological Survey recently indicated that this sandstone is of "Lower Old Red Sandstone age" (Devonian, between 360 and 408 million years old). In his report to the British Association for the Advancement of Science, Brewster stated: "The particular block in which the nail was found, was nine inches thick, and in proceeding to clear the rough rock for dressing, the point of the nail was found projecting about half an inch (quite eaten with rust) into the 'till,' the rest of the nail lying along the surface of the stone to within an inch of the head, which went right down into the body of the stone."

The fact that the head of the nail was buried in the sandstone block would seem to rule out the possibility the nail had been pounded into the block after it was quarried. This was a time where amphibians and insects were the only dominant life form on our planet. So who dropped this nail to have it eventually preserved in rock at a time more than 350 million years before humans appeared?

Cambrian Period

Shoe Print in Utah Shale, 505 to 590 Million Years Old.

In 1968, William J. Meister, a draftsman and amateur trilobite collector, reported finding a shoe print in the Wheeler Shale near Antelope Spring, Utah. This shoe-like indentation and its cast were revealed when Meister split open a block of shale. Clearly visible within the imprint were the remains of trilobites, extinct marine arthropods. The shale holding the print and the trilobite fossils is from the Cambrian, and would thus be 505 to 590 million years old. Meister described the ancient shoe-like impression in an article that appeared in the Creation Research Society Quarterly: "

The heel print was indented in the rock about an eighth of an inch more than the sole. The footprint was clearly that of the right foot because the sandal was well worn on the right side of the heel in the characteristic fashion." At this time in our planet's history there was no plant or animal life on the land, even the most early types of fish swimming in the seas had not yet evolved. It must have been a very barren landscape that this visitor to Earth's past saw as he walked the land. How did he arrive so far into our past?

Pre-Cambrian Period

Metallic Vase from Pre-Cambrian Rock, over 600 Million Years Old.

The following report, titled "A Relic of a Bygone Age," appeared in the magazine Scientific American (June 5, 1852): "A few days ago a powerful blast was made in the rock at Meeting House Hill, in Dorchester, a few rods south of Rev. Mr. Hall's meeting house. The blast threw out an immense mass of rock, some of the pieces weighing several tons, and scattered fragments in all directions. Among them was picked a metallic vessel in two parts, rent asunder by the explosion.

On putting the parts together it formed a bell-shaped vessel, 4-1/2 inches high, 6-1/2 inches at the base, 2-1/2 inches at the top, and about an eighth of an inch in thickness. The body of this vessel resembles zinc in color, or a composition metal, in which there is a considerable portion of silver. On the side there are six figures of a flower, or bouquet, beautifully inlaid with pure silver, and around the lower part of the vessel a vine, or wreath, also inlaid with silver.

The chasing, carving, and inlaying are exquisitely done by the art of some cunning workman. This curious and unknown vessel was blown out of the solid pudding stone, fifteen feet below the surface." According to a recent U.S. Geological Survey map of the Boston-Dorchester area, the pudding stone, now called the Roxbury conglomerate, is of Precambrian age, over 600 million years old. By standard accounts, life was just beginning to form on this planet during the Precambrian. But in the Dorchester vessel we have evidence indicating the presence of artistic metal workers in North America over 600 million years before Leif Erikson. At this time in our planets history the was no life on land, plant or animal.

The most advanced life-form at this barren time in our planet’s history was simple algae floating in the seas. Yet somehow through time this beautiful work of art was brought and left behind and eventually buried and preserved in ancient rock…

Grooved Sphere from South Africa, 2.8 Billion Years Old.

Over the past several decades, South African miners have found hundreds of metallic spheres, at least one of which has three parallel grooves running around its equator. The spheres are of two types -- "one of solid bluish metal with white flecks, and another which is a hollow ball filled with a white spongy center." Roelf Marx, curator of the museum of Klerksdorp, South Africa, where some of the spheres are housed, said: "The spheres are a complete mystery. They look man-made, yet at the time in Earth's history when they came to rest in this rock no intelligent life existed. The globes are found in pyrophyllite, which is mined near the little town of Ottosdal in the Western Transvaal. This pyrophyllite is a quite soft secondary mineral with a count of only 3 on the Mohs' scale and was formed by sedimentation about 2.8 billion years ago.

On the other hand the globes are very hard and cannot be scratched, even by steel." The sphere with the three parallel grooves around it are too perfect to be anything but man made. The Precambrian mineral deposit where the globes are found is dated to be at least 2.8 billion years old. At this time simple microscopic cells were all that was alive on the earth. But this is obviously not true. Who created or left behind these magnificent spheres? Obviously manmade and stronger than steel, what was their purpose for the people who visited and left them behind in time?

Artifacts From AIX En Provence, France

In his book Mineralogy, Count Bournon recorded an intriguing discovery that had been made by French workmen in the latter part of the eighteenth century. Bournon wrote: "During the years 1786, 1787, and 1788, they were occupied near AIX en Provence, in France, in quarrying stone for the rebuilding , upon a vast scale, of the Palace of Justice. The stone was a limestone of deep grey, and of that kind which are tender when they come out of the quarry, but harden by exposure to the air. The strata were separated from one another by a bed of sand mixed with clay, more or less calcareous.

The first which were wrought presented no appearance of any foreign bodies, but, after the workmen had removed the ten first beds, they were astonished, when taking away the eleventh, to find its inferior surface, at the depth of forty or fifty feet, covered with shells. The stone of this bed having been removed, as they were taking away a stratum of argillaceous sand, which separated the eleventh bed from the twelfth, they found stumps of columns and fragments of stone half wrought, and the stone was exactly similar to that of the quarry: they found moreover coins, handles of hammers, and other tools or fragments of tools in wood. But that which principally commanded their attention, was a board about one inch thick and seven or eight feet long; it was broken into many pieces, of which none were missing, and it was possible to join them again one to another, and to restore to the board or plate its original form, which was that of the boards of the same kind used by the masons and quarry men: it was worn in the same manner, rounded and waving upon the edges."

Count Bournon, continuing his description, stated: "The stones which were completely or partly wrought, had not at all changed in their nature, but the fragments of the board, and the instruments, and pieces of instruments of wood, had been changed into agate, which was very fine and agreeably colored. Here then, we have the traces of a work executed by the hand of man, placed at a depth of fifty feet, and covered with eleven beds of compact limestone: everything tended to prove that this work had been executed upon the spot where the traces existed. The presence of man had then preceded the formation of this stone.

Letter-like Shapes in Marble, Philadelphia.

In 1830, letter-like shapes were discovered within a solid block of marble from a quarry 12 miles northwest of Philadelphia. The marble block was taken from a depth of 60-70 feet. This was reported in the American Journal of Science (vol. 19, 1831, p. 361). The quarry workers removed layers of gneiss, mica slate, hornblende, talcose slate, and primitive clay slate before coming to the layer from which the block containing the letter-like shapes were cut.

While they were sawing through the block, the workmen happened to notice a rectangular indentation, about 1.5 inches wide by .625 inches high, displaying two raised characters. Several respectable gentlemen from nearby Norristown, Pennsylvania, were called to the scene and inspected the object. It is hard to explain the formation of the characters as products of natural physical processes. This suggests the characters were made by intelligent humans in the distant past.

Source: FORBIDDEN ARCHEOLOGY, The Hidden History of the Human Race, by Michael A. Cremo and Richard L. Thompson, published by Bhaktivedanta Book Publishing, Inc. There is no better source for additional information and study on this subject than Forbidden Archeology. This remarkable collection of research and analysis is an important work of thorough-going scholarship and intellectual adventure.

From http://www.andersoninstitute.com/forbidden-knowledge.html
For more ooparts see Ancient Artifacts that Challenge Modern Thinking @
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Wednesday, 29 September 2010

Allodial Earth: An Islamic Conception of Common Law, Land Rights and Ownership

Allodial Earth
An Islamic Conception of Common Law, Land Rights and Ownership

Written by Abdun Nur J.

This is the first conceptual model outline of four basic models that combined to manifest Islam. It may be necessary to understand all four models before fully understanding each model independently.

All the Earth is allodial by its very nature, as are the fruits of the Earth. We did not create the abundance upon the Earth, but only enjoy its rewards.

An example:

If I plant a field of watermelons, the watermelons are the bounty of Allah, grown from the earth and out of the seed, and from the design of Allah, but the physical labour you invested in the planting of the seed - the preparing of the land, the harvesting and marketing of the watermelons - is what you have honestly earned and deserve in reward of your labour. So when you sell the watermelon, the watermelon itself is free, as it is the bounty of Allah, but the labour it took to reach its end user and consumer must be repaid by the end user and consumer.

Allah has provided you the materials, while you provide the labour; human energy is the true economy of Islam.

In the modern age men sell the bounty of Allah and profit from the abundance. They monopolise it and enslave their fellow man through the concept of ownership; but who gave them the right to sell something that they do not own? Who established they had a right to buy and sell the property of Allah - the Earth and its abundance?

Whoever it was, was a thief!

To buy and sell stolen goods is bad enough, but to buy and sell the stolen goods of Allah takes a brave man indeed. This is the Islamic model of ownership.

Allodial right is a situation where real property (land, buildings and fixtures) is held free and clear of any encumbrances, including liens, mortgages and tax obligations. Allodial title is inalienable, in that it cannot be taken by any operation of law for any reason whatsoever (beyond single intentional actions of manifesting long term damage to surrounding property.)

Allodial lands are the absolute property of their custodian and not subject to any service or acknowledgement to a superior. This concept denies the legal power of municipal and state governments to tax property, on the basis that allodial title cannot be alienated by failure to pay those taxes.

Allodial title cannot be alienated by seizure by a creditor, as the claim of the foreclosure by the mortgagee is illegal. However, by its nature, allodial title cannot be mortgaged in the first place, and an attempt to create allodial title on land that is subject to encumbrance by debt is impossible.

Within Islam the entire Earth is allodial by its very nature.

Although allodial title cannot be lost, that also means that it cannot be transferred or encumbered without losing its allodial status. As such, when a property custodian dies and leaves custodianship to more than one heir, the conceptual allodial status of the property is lost. This situation must be resolved as quickly as possible, re-establishing the correct allodial status; the property must be divided, sold or allotted via agreement of the parties to settle and establish a single custodian (the meaning of the term ‘Caliph’). If this process fails to be accomplished the title reverts back to the community it exists within.

Allodial title cannot be mortgaged (as is common in a usury system). Moreover, as liens cannot attach to allodial title, it is difficult to finance improvements to a property held in allodial title (if considered from the perspective of a usury system) as, once incorporated to the single custodian, the improvements become part of the allodial title and become exempt from lien or seizure of the property to pay a contractor's bill. The burden of responsibility to honour these debts, if established, is solely upon the custodian personally. Produce generated by the custodian from the property could be seized, as they represent their wealth - the labour invested within the goods produced from the property.

Allodial title cannot, in theory, be legally taken away against the will of the custodian. However, an allodial custodian can contractually give up allodial custodianship, and that allodial custodianship can be restored or sold (added value only) or passed on to a single heir. Allodial title cannot be exchanged by fraud; only by legitimate contract (For example you could not use your allodial property as a stake for a wager; that’s just the same as collateral for a loan).

Allodial property cannot be owned by a corporation, being a group recognised as an individual by legislation - a group colony of individuals, working in unity against the community for their own benefit. Only single individuals can hold allodial rights and custodianship under common law.

All property is allodial. Property without a custodian is held in trust by the local community, and allotted to individuals when the local community feels it appropriate. Otherwise it remains open to all to enjoy and for local community projects.

Land alone can have no saleable value. It can be given or exchanged for equal land in another location but not sold, as it is in custody only; however the fixed labour invested in the land - integral labour that forms added worth, such as making the land arable, buildings, crops; seasonal or annual, like trees - all have value and can be sold with the transferred obligations of the custodianship of the land itself.

If you irreparably damage the land as its custodian, through contaminating it with poisons, damaging its nature with cross species genetically modified crops, making it radioactive or by any long term effects that detrimentally effect not just your allodial land, but the surrounding lands through intentional assault, breaks the covenant and so voids the custodianship. Those responsible are held accountable for the cost and effort of rectifying the surrounding contamination. If the custodian damages their allodial land without affecting any surrounding land it is a crime between the custodian and Allah. But these abuses would have a bearing on the local community allocating new allodial custodianship in any future applications.

As the entire Earth is categorically allodial, the substance of the Earth itself would also be allodial. For example the minerals of the earth are free in and of themselves - it is only the labour and small equipment charge, and the cost of any consumables used in the extraction and purification and delivery of the minerals, that could be charged for something which no person could own (you would own the added value invested in the minerals after extraction and processing, so in effect own the minerals through that action, much like land use and the fruits it bears).

Within an allodial system only your labour would be chargeable above any overheads. The same concept would apply to crops and fruits; the labour value and overheads would be charged, but the bounty of Allah would always be freely given, and when true Muslim intent was prevalent this system would invigorate commodities and communities. No market of exploitation to hype the price beyond reason, no futures market to speculate on production, no investment market to gamble on price fluctuations, no monopolies to extort undeserved rewards from the weak and powerless.

For a sovereign to claim ownership and sell rights to mine any of these fruits of the Earth is against Islam. These things of the Earth are the bounty of Allah; they cannot be sold or monopolised.

When the Qur'an talks of hoarding Allah's bounty it is not in reference to saving coins or personal possessions, but the hoarding of the property of Allah - the Earth and the resources of the Earth.

'And let not those who covetously withhold of that which Allah has bestowed on them of His Bounty think that it is good for them. Nay, it will be worse for them; the things which they covetously withheld shall be tied to their necks like a collar on the Day of Resurrection. And to Allah belongs the heritage of the Heavens and the earth: and Allah is well acquainted with all that you do.' (Qur'an, Al-Imran 3:180)

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Modern land law

Ownership of property

The first thing to note about the legal profession is their abuse of the word law, as they exchange it so easily for what should be known as legislation; what is legal is legislation and what is lawful is common law. They attempt to confuse others with this abuse. In reality the legal profession knows very little about the law, but can be experts on legislation. I now wish to examine both legislation and common law as it relates to land.

The extent of personal land ownership, founded in definition from the subjugation by force of arms in 1066 within England, formally known as Albion:

'Cuius est solum eius est usque ad coelum et ad inferos'

Which means:

'He who owns the land owns everything 'up to the sky and down to the centre of the earth'.

This is legislated away with the following legislative acts:

“In terms of downward ownership: so that coal and gas found under land are now subject to public (meaning Crown) ownership. (Petroleum Act 1934 - Coal Industry Act 1994). Other than that, items found buried in the soil are yours, unless constituting treasure trove, (Treasure Act 1996) in which case the treasure belongs to the Crown...”(Oxford Modern land law 4^th edition) .

In the case of civil aircraft the matter is regulated by statute, Section 76 of the Civil Aircraft Act 1982.

A statute is a formal written enactment of legislative authority that governs a city, state or country. Again, not law but legislated rules, which is only binding upon registration to the corporate legislating body - being the Government in this case, also known as the Crown Corporation.

“One speaks of ownership of a car yet, in the context of land, one does not, technically, refer to ownership of the land; instead, an abstract entity, known as an 'Estate' was created and one's ownership rights are defined by this abstract entity.”(Introduction to the Law of Property, 1958)

Modern legislative law is based upon the concept of the corporation. To perform this trick they must create the fiction of a corporation or corporate entity to apply upon each natural person, or the property of the natural person; without this legalistic fiction they would have no basis to act. This is the reason they will apply a title before your name in court - Mister, Mrs, Master, Miss, etc - or use a title in place of property as in ‘estate’. The entire land ownership fraud is based on fictions of ‘law’.

Within common law it is prohibited for a state, corporation or sovereign to exist; it is against common law. And the sovereigns know this, but do not want you to.

A corporation is an artificial person - invisible, intangible, and existing only in contemplation of legislation. Being the mere creature of legislation, it possesses only those properties which the charter of its creation confers upon it, either expressly or as incidental to its very existence. The attributes of the corporate structure are:

Immortality - allowed through a perpetual succession of many persons considered as acting as a single entity.

Individuality – enables a corporation to manage its own affairs, hold property without perplexing intricacies of the hazardous and endless necessity of perpetual conveyances needed to transmit ownership from hand to hand.

A franchise - clothing bodies of men in free succession, with qualities and capacities capable of acting for the promotion of a particular object, like one immortal being.

A body politic – vested under a special denomination of legislation to act as a united will of unified power, undisturbed by the change of members, enjoying legislated rights and privileges.

Limited liability – this provides many advantages to the corporation. It supports the suppression of financial liabilities, in compensation, reparations and remunerations; and in personal accountability, cloaking the guilty in the blanket of the corporate fiction and thereby limiting personal accountability for environmental destruction and pollution, social exploitation and enslavement.

Witness the food chain; corporate employees defile plants, animals and humans with poisons, genetically modified perversions of nature, chemical infusions etc, and act with impunity. They also steal via deceptions, creating wars, hardship and terrorism, and take away human liberties and natural rights from communities, families and individuals - additionally leaving creditors empty handed if the fiction of the indebted corporation is dissolved. This allows the corporation to externalise the greater portion of the risks of financial and moral liabilities, imposing them upon society at large.

Monopoly

Corporations of themselves are giant monopoly privileges, using the construct of copyright, economies of scale, the ability to dictate price and terms of supply and the legislation of privileges - such as the printing of money for the cost of printing in the case of the Central Corporate Banks for example, which are a coercive monopoly. Even in the small scale, corporation is structured on monopoly - taking the fruits of the labour of the employees and monopolising this to the advantage of the financiers. Another simple example of coercive monopoly would be Microsoft, where they dominate through enforced copyright resulting in a poor quality product almost free of competition. The state itself is the most extreme coercive monopoly as they use violence and intimidation to enforce a perceived compulsory monopoly.

The roots of the corporation go back deep into history. The word "corporation" derives from corpus, the Latin word for body, or a "body of people". The structure of corporations existed in ancient Rome and the ancient Indian Empire of Maurya, and continued into the modern world from its ancient existence. It evolved from the evolution of the failed brutal Roman Empire, as it collapsed under the exploitations of usury, transforming into the blind faith and mental enslavement of the Roman Catholic Church - the largest corporation in the world, as it incorporates many subordinate corporations within it.

Common law ownership:

Inalienable rights are also known as natural rights or universal rights. Only through trickery and confusion can we be robbed of them; this is the job of the legal profession. They work to prevent you having allodial property ownership, as this would be an inalienable right. They create a fiction which is the abstract entity of ‘estate’ as described above.

“English law has never embraced the concept of absolute ownership of land. The closest it has come to doing so is when a person is registered as the proprietor of land with an absolute title. Even then, however, as will be seen, that person's title is not indefeasible. Where title to the land is unregistered, this is even more the case. All that a person can do is to demonstrate that he has the better right to possess the land than anyone else.”(Modern Land Law 4^th edition.)

English land law only existed upon the creation of the constructs established from 1066, in subduing the original Albic nation - which used an allodial land system, and was additionally not a Roman Catholic enclave (See ‘King Offa of Mercia’ {Northern Britain} via http://newilluminati.blog-city.com/hidden_histories_of_the_british_isles.htm ).

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How do they justify their right to buy and sell the earth?

“To make better rights impossible the proof would have to start with the granting to Adam and Eve, but even then this was save and except the Garden of Eden, and one is not even sure if they took as joint tenants or tenants in common....”(Ferrand, Contract and Conveyance 4^th edition.)

"…to work it and watch over it…"(Bible, Old Testament, Genesis)

The very foundation of the legal right establishing a sovereign’s ownership, to buy and sell, is a lie. Adam and Eve were never given the Earth as owners [even in one accepts this as a valid basis for land ownership]; only as custodians with obligations and restrictions.

“After the Norman invasion in 1066, a rigorous feudal structure was imposed upon the country. Central to it was the notion, still true to this day, that all the land belonged to the Crown.- This process led to the formation of a feudal pyramid.”(An Introduction to the History of Land Law 1961 Ch. 1)

William the Bastard (Conqueror) never purchased the land of Albion, nor took any legal ownership that could be supported. He murdered the allodial property owners and held it by force, changing the name from Albion to England, which explains this:

“The fact of possession of a chattel of itself gives to the possessor a possessory title and the possessor is entitled to rely on such title without reference to the circumstances in which such possession was obtained; his entitlement to do so is not prejudiced by the fact that he obtained such possession unlawfully or by an illegal transaction.” (Ibid. At 157. Contrast Hibbert v. McKiernan 1948)

William the Bastard was in subjugation to the Pope, and established the Crown as owner of the land and all upon it. Later King John of England (king 6^th April 1199 - 19^th Oct 1216) was excommunicated from the Church. To meet Roman demands before he would be re-embraced, he surrendered the crown rights of ownership to the Roman Catholic Church, making them the Crown corporation - the legal but not lawful owners of England, given as a Papal Legate to Bishop Pandulph in May 1213.

Two years later at the point of a sword, King John signed the Magna Carta Libertatum (the Great Charter of Freedoms – 1215). This charter was written by the Archbishop of Canterbury Stephen Langton, the papal legate (personal representative of the Pope to a foreign land) ex officio (from the office – or – by right of office), for the protection of the contract establishing the Church as the corporate owner of England, through the manipulation of the barons and lords.

However Pope Innocent III publicly declared outrage at the "shameful and demeaning agreement, forced upon the King by violence and fear." He rejected any call for restraints on the King, saying it impaired John's dignity. He pretended it was an affront to the Church's authority over the King and the 'papal territories' of England and Ireland, and he released John from his oath to obey it; of course the barons and lords made certain it was obeyed. The Crown Corporation is the legal owner of England as maintained through legal fictions, standing in direct conflict with Common Law.

The crown seated its authority within a square mile of London, known as the City. They issued a Charter for the 'City' of London within the twelfth century, granted by Henry I. Among other thing this charter grants:

“…a justice, whomsoever they please from among themselves, to keep the pleas of my crown and try them, and no other man is to be justice over the said men of London. And the citizens (of the City) shall not be impleaded (sued in a court of law) in any plea outside the walls of the city... And with regard to lands... I will on their behalf maintain justice according to the law of the city.” (Borough Customs, Selden Society, Vols. 18 and 21(1904-6) Mary Bateson, And British Borough Charters, 1216-1307 (1923) A. Ballard and J. Tait)

“It remains theoretically true to say that all land is held from the Crown. The idea that one does not actually own the thing itself but rather has an interest in it, is also what underlies the theoretical basis of landholding in this country.” (Modern Land Law 4^th edition)

“...it is now assumed that an owner of land holds directly from the Crown as tenant in Chief but without the provision of any service in respect of that holding. The effect of the statute 'Quia Emptores' is that, when a house is sold, the purchaser replaces the vendor as the tenant in chief, holding the land directly from the Crown.”(Modern Land Law 4^th edn)

Conclusion

The real hurdle most people have to overcome consciously is to stop conferring authority to the state, sovereigns or corporations; to take what is yours is a difficult thing, to believe someone else has ownership of your labour, or the natural resources of Allah, is the result of a lifetime of propaganda, social conditioning and never being exposed to the alternative true natural social order.

So just taking the land, under the natural allodial order of the Earth is suggested, without registering it to the corporate state; as when you register it, you give ownership over to the corporation you register it to (how insane is that?). Yet for most people the subjugation is so deeply ingrained they cannot even consider not paying for the land, and would never refuse to register it and so give ownership away.

The answer to this is simple. If you wish to buy a home, farm or business premises from an individual who themselves have paid and worked to create the added value upon the land, then pay for the property and take the documentation they provide - however, do not register anything with the state or any other corporate fiction.

Through the societal contract you have bound yourself to, establish a new document of allodial ownership based on common law, lawfully drawn up and free of all and any legislation. This new document can be copied and stored, in case of loss or accidental destruction, with a community based administrator or at another secure location.

This concept would only be applicable to a living human being, (under common law only living human beings exist, no fictions of states, corporations or monarchies are recognised). You could not buy the land or a property from a corporation as they are a fiction, so the corporation cannot be validated through buying the property of Allah from them.

This action requires the refusal to pay any tribute to the corporation or state that has unlawfully declared the land as the unlawful fiction of estate, standing together united as a community to hold what is yours free of taxation of any kind.

‘…the plaintiff cannot recover but upon the strength of his own title. He cannot found a claim upon the weakness of the defendant's title. For possession gives the defendant a right against every man who cannot show a good title.'(Roe d. Haldane v. Harvey 1769)

“Every natural or legal person is entitled to the peaceful enjoyment of his possessions. No one shall be deprived of his possessions except in the public (Crown)interest and subject to the conditions provided for by law [meaning legislation] and by the general principles of international law [meaning international legislation].” (Human Rights Act 1998 Article 1)

“Section 15 of the Limitation Act 1980 provides that no action shall be brought by any person to recover any land after the expiration of twelve years from the date on which the right of action accrued to him, or if first accrued to some person through whom he claims, that person.” (Modern Land Law 4^th edn).

[4:132] ‘To Allah belongs everything in the heavens and the earth, and Allah is the only Protector.’

2: 255 - 2:284 - 3:109 - 3:129 - 3:189 - 4:126 - 4:131 - 4:170 - 4:172 - 5:17 - 5:18 - 5:120 - 6:12 - 7:128 Etc.

From Servant of the Light - http://servantofthelight.com/content/view/68/98/