Showing posts with label nuclear tests. Show all posts

Friday, 26 August 2016

The Untold Story of Global Nuclear Bomb Testing

Religion is a region with a li(e) in it by R. Ayana

August 6th this year marked the 70th anniversary of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima. On August 9, 1945, a second nuclear weapon was dropped on Nagasaki City. To commemorate these tragedies, the people of Japan will hold moments of silence, pray for those who died and float small lanterns on rivers near ground zero.

The Hiroshima and Nagasaki nuclear bombs were the largest weapons of mass destruction ever used on civilian populations. More than 90,000 civilians died in Hiroshima, and over 60,000 in Nagasaki, with about half the people dying on the days the nuclear bombs were dropped.

It was a terrible tragedy, and afterwards many nations vowed not to use such nuclear devices, except as a last resort. But tensions developed between the Capitalist and Communist blocks and so began “The Cold War.”

In reality, the military activities of that time were far from “cold.” From 1948 until 1963, over five hundred nuclear devices were exploded around the world, spreading massive amounts of nuclear radiation into the oceans and atmosphere. A Japanese researcher made the following time-lapse video, mapping out the date and location of all atomic weapons exploded from 1945 to 1998.

11-USfalloutmap

If aliens had been watching from space it must have looked like World War III, except that these bombs weren’t dropped on the population centers of “enemies.”

Instead, each nation spread toxic clouds of radioactive fallout over farmlands, cities, towns and fishing regions of their own citizens, neighboring nations or allies. In the United States, Nevada’s military tests sent clouds of radiation over much of the nation.

In 1953, there was an event called “The Troy Incident” where radiation that had drifted east rained down on the people of Troy, New York. We know about this because a college teacher and his students discovered the radiation with geiger counters, after the storm had passed. In most cases the nuclear fallout that fell on towns and villages was never discovered or reported.

In 1999, the U.S. National Cancer Institute completed a study and produced this detailed map (below) with calculations of I-131 radiation exposure to the continental United States. They concluded that “Americans born between 1936 and 1963, who were children at the time of testing,” are at higher risk of developing cancer.

People immediately to the north and east of the Nevada test site are often referred to as “downwinders” in the local news of their regions. National media outlets have never paid attention to this, but search the Internet or youtube and you can find quite a few local news stories, such as this one where Nevada downwinders tell how they used to go outside to watch the atomic bomb tests, the way people watch 4th of July fireworks nowadays.

During the 1950’s the British tested nuclear devices in Australia’s interior, spreading radiation over cities such as Sydney, and much of their close ally’s continent. The French exploded bombs into the atmosphere of Algeria, while the Russians detonated their nuclear devices up north of Siberia and within the borders of the former U.S.S.R.

The largest nuclear bomb ever exploded was by the Russians; it was nicknamed the Tzar bomb. It’s featured in this documentary of the era. Unfortunately, maps of the radioactive fallout from Russian and French atmospheric tests do not (to the best of my knowledge) exist.
In the early 1960s, U.S. President Kennedy moved to ban atmospheric nuclear testing, in part thanks to the Baby Tooth Study, led by physicians Eric and Louise Reiss. Their research showed that children born in 1963 had levels of strontium 90 in their teeth that were 50 times higher than children born before 1950. Follow-up research (see: NY Times, 12/13/2010), found that men in the study who died of cancer by middle age had more than twice as much strontium in their childhood teeth as male participants who had not died.

In October of 1963, the Americans, Soviets and British signed the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty and agreed to move all their tests underwater or underground. Unfortunately, a few countries never signed the treaty. France relocated their atmospheric tests from central Africa to the tropic islands of Polynesia. Military documents declassified in 2013 show that fallout from France’s 193 weapons “tests” hit Tahiti, the most populated of the Polynesian islands, with over 500 times acceptable radiation levels.

China is another nation that declined to sign the 1963 treaty and conducted numerous above ground tests during the 1960’s and into the 1970’s. All were detonated within the borders of China, so the radioactive fallout fell on their own people, water supplies and farmland, as well as nations father east most probably, such as Korea and Japan.

Just exactly how much radiation was dumped into the oceans, forests, farmland and the atmosphere during the 20th century is unknown (or known but not reported). Measurements of Carbon-14, a radioactive isotope, show that atmospheric levels doubled from 1955 to 1963 (see graph to the right) and then began to drop once the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty was signed.

Many people assume that Nagasaki, Hiroshima, Three Mile Island, Chernobyl and Fukushima are the only major incidents involving large releases of nuclear radiation that harmed people. Along with the fallout from global weapons tests there have been a number of catastrophic nuclear accidents around the world which received little media coverage, but where radiation releases have devastated communities or made the landscape uninhabitable.

If you look up the Kyshtym disaster, the “Windscale fire, the Goiânia accident or the Hanford Downwinders, the information is available. None of these stories are conspiracy theories or secrets, they’ve just been ignored by the mainstream media. Probably it’s not something people like to think about, or that the weapons industries and “leading nations” of the world want us to think about.

Leaders of nations that possess nuclear weapons often point to Iran and North Korea as potential nuclear “bad guys” but the truth is that these weapons have already caused great harm. Just building them (and being willing to use them) is a symptom of deep distrust and fear- a manifestation of the warrior mindset that has dominated the most powerful human civilizations for over two thousand years.

The anniversary of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombings this summer provides an opportunity for people to reflect a bit. Think about what weapons of mass destruction and militarism have done in the past, how so many individuals and nations have suffered.

As we begin the 21st Century, it might be wise to consider how humans could be doing more to solve ecological problems together, help people living in poverty and build peaceful international relationships, instead of stockpiling weapons of death, fighting for dominance and preparing for war.

From Creative By Nature @ https://creativesystemsthinking.wordpress.com/2014/08/05/the-untold-story-of-global-nuclear-bomb-testing/

A Time-Lapse Map of Every Nuclear Explosion Since 1945

Color footage of soldiers being exposed to high levels of radiation

For more information about nuclear weapons see http://nexusilluminati.blogspot.com/search/label/nuclear%20weapons

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Friday, 26 June 2015

Britain’s Nuclear MoD MADness

‘Nuclear disaster waiting to happen’:

Royal Navy probes Trident whistleblower's claims

HMS Victorious is seen berthed at the Clyde Naval Base in Scotland (Reuters / Danny Lawson)

The Royal Navy has launched an investigation into whistleblower William McNeilly, who exposed horrid security lapses in UK’s trident nuclear program which make it easier for intruders to access some secured areas than enter “most nightclubs.”

UK authorities are “concerned for the whereabouts” of the 25-year old whistleblower, who went absent without leave and cooperated with WikiLeaks to post a detailed 18-page report called The Nuclear Secrets.

McNeilly, a weapons engineer, who allegedly served from January to April this year on board the HMS Victorious, claims that a number of security lapses and technical faults with the Trident missiles carrier exposes the UK nuclear deterrent to potential terrorist attacks that “would kill our people and destroy our land.”

Possible attackers have “the perfect opportunity to send nuclear warheads crashing down on the UK,” he claims.

In his revelations, the whistleblower notes some 30 safety and security flaws on Trident submarines that are based out of Faslane on the Clyde, Scotland. McNeilly took his time outlining the ease at which potential terrorist can infiltrate the secured base.

“At a Base security brief we were told that thousands of Royal Navy IDs go missing every year. A terrorist can use them, or create counterfeits with them and easily gain access down the submarine. Considering most of the guards barely look at them from a few metres (couple of feet if they’re the rare ones) away the fakes wouldn't have to be too perfect,” the whistleblower explains.

“I've shown a room card or nothing, at least once at every check point,” McNeilly wrote.

An intruder could bring inside the secured facility any private electronic device to potentially steal top secret data – or even weapons and explosives, since the whistleblower claims, contractors and their equipment are hardly ever being searched.

“You can carry anything through the security check points without it being checked!” he says in the report. Personnel Electronics should be banned yet the policy isn't enforced. You can bring whatever electronic devices you want onboard... They use their own personal electronics right beside the missiles.”

Lack of security checks was not because McNeilly was among the Royal Navy personnel, but because “that was a standard procedure.”

“100's of contractors go down the boat when it's alongside. Their equipment isn't searched and they are not pat down. All it takes is someone to bring a bomb onboard to commit the worst terrorist attack the UK and the world has ever seen,” he wrote.

Besides the evident security flaws, the weapons technician lists a number of equipment problems, including a seawater leak, a flooded torpedo compartment and defective toilets. His revelations include missile compartment being used as an exercise gym, and the communication system that was difficult to understand.

“There were a lot of red tags on equipment in most of the compartments we went into. I highly suspected a lot of them were for defect rectification, rather than standard maintenance Tagouts. Seeing the condition of the security and equipment made me more than concerned, for the safety of the people,” he wrote.

The state of affairs is so chaotic that McNeilly says any “psychopath” can gain access to UK’s nuclear site.

“It's just a matter of time before we're infiltrated by a psychopath or a terrorist,” he says. “There were some people that I served with on that patrol who showed clear psychopathic tendencies.”

In his testimony the runaway weapons engineer submariner also claims that the missile launch tests failed on three occasions during his serve time, meaning a successful launch would likely be impossible.

“Basically they're endangering the public and spending billions upon billions of tax payers money for a system so broken it can't even do the tests that prove it works,” he wrote.

McNeilly also writes that there was a “massive cover-up” of the HMS Vanguard submarine colliding with a French nuclear submarine, Le Triomphant, in the Atlantic in February 2009. In his report, he quotes a senior officer who was on Vanguard at the time as saying: “We thought, this is it, we're all going to die.”

The Royal Navy has launched an investigation into McNeilly’s report, calling his claims “subjective and unsubstantiated,” adding that “submarines do not go to sea unless they are completely safe.”

While acknowledging that McNeilly’s report does “not pose any security risk to our personnel or operations,” the Ministry of Defense is nonetheless working with the police to find him.

“The Navy is concerned for the whereabouts and wellbeing of able seaman McNeilly and is working closely with civilian police to locate him,” the Navy said.

The whistleblower who has not returned from his leave of absence since taking off last week, acknowledged that “the penalty for releasing this will be life prison if I’m lucky.”

“The worst fear for me isn’t prison or being assassinated, it’s the fear of sacrificing everything I have just to warn the public and yet never be heard,” the 25-year-old wrote.

Some Scottish Civil Rights organizations have welcomed the sailor’s courageous act.

“He should be commended for his action, not hounded by the Royal Navy. He has exposed the fact that Trident is a catastrophe waiting to happen - by accident, an act of terrorism or sabotage,” John Ainslie, co-ordinator of the Scottish Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, told The Herald.

Meanwhile the leader of SNP in London, MP Angus Robertson has called for full explanation and action remedy from the Royal Navy.

“These revelations, if true, are extremely concerning. It reads as a nightmare catalogue of serious safety breaches,” Robertson said. “Failure to follow standard safety procedures is unacceptable in any workplace but on a Trident submarine on patrol it could result in extreme tragedy, not just for those on board but indeed for the entire planet.”

From RT @ http://rt.com/uk/259481-trident-submarine-safety-whistleblower/

Nuclear weapons tests: Ministry of Defence admits it irradiated civilians in the Cold War

Dark legacy: Thousands of Brits watched the nuclear tests

By Susie Boniface

Thousands of non-military staff suffered effects of the blasts and later had their health studied by government, with increased risk of cancer and heart disease

The Ministry of Defence has admitted thousands of civilian staff were irradiated in nuclear weapons tests during the Cold War.

But is still denies that veterans of the nuclear tests, which began in 1952 when Britain exploded its first device, were harmed.

A newly uncovered government study details the death and cancer rates of 174,541 people who were exposed to radiation at nuclear facilities.

Of those, 64,909 were employed by the MoD in non-military roles such as maintaining nuclear submarines and weapons.

This is more than three times as many people as were affected by Britain’s nuclear bomb tests on Christmas Island in the 1950s – veterans who are also subject to government studies, and have had their NHS records flagged by the MoD.

The study of civilians shows higher doses increased the risk of thyroid, lung and rectal cancers, leukaemia and heart disease.

Yet while test veterans suffer the same cancers and have fathered children with 10 times the normal rate of birth defects, the Government spent millions fighting negligence claims.

Radiation: A mushroom cloud over Christmas Island

The 2009 study was found by Steve Clifford, 52, of Fleckney, Leics, as he searched for evidence that his dad Graham, 76, was irradiated while serving as a cook on Christmas Island during 1957 bomb tests.

Steve, who survived an adult form of leukaemia when he was four and now has chronic pain with bony growths on his shoulders, said: “What’s truly eye-popping is their logic that civilians can be irradiated and get cancer but radiation just bounces off the armed forces without doing any damage.”

The obscure study he discovered was carried out by government statisticians in 2009.

It details 174,541 people who recorded a radiation dose at a number of organisations with nuclear facilities – power stations, scientific institutions, and the Atomic Weapons Establishment.

But by far the most – 64,909, or 37 per cent – were employed by the MoD.

They are thought to have been civilians supporting military work, such as operating and maintaining nuclear submarines and weapons, as well as a handful of military dentists and radiologists.

The tests saw 22,000 troops, many on National Service, were ordered to watch dozens of atomic and hydrogen blasts, and live among the toxic fallout for up to a year afterwards.

On their return they developed cancer and rare medical conditions, their wives had three times the normal rate of miscarriage and their children suffered deformities.

The MoD said civilians with a recorded dose would be eligible for a compensation scheme.

From The Mirror @ http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/nuclear-weapons-tests-ministry-defence-5751230

For more information about nuclear war weaponry see http://nexusilluminati.blogspot.com/search/label/nuclear%20war