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Can two guys in a small office
in smoke be sitting on the solution to the climate crisis? The merger of ultra dense
hydrogen will give us cars and drones with unlimited range. Houses can be
unplugged easily. Or is it just wishful thinking?
In an
industrial building wreathed in smoke that no one in the Norwegian public has heard
about,
barely either in academia, sits PhD student Sindre Zeiner-Gundersen,
bent over a small reactor of thick metal. Even before the grant research began,
he measured up to 20 times as much energy coming out of the reactor as
what he put in.
Was it cold fusion he witnessed? Aftenposten wrote last summer about the
research in this field, which is not accepted in scientific company. But
now the American Physicist's Association, which until now has been dismissive,
has begun to publish works of scientists who believe the effect is real.
Cold fusion (which also goes under the name LENR for Low
Energy Nuclear Reaction) does reportedly mythic things when hydrogen (in the form of
deuterium) is energized in one form or another. Hydrogen atoms merge with each
other and simultaneously release an enormous amount of energy.
The energy released is far, far greater than that applied. It's like fire in
the fireplace, really, except that nuclear fusion emits a million times more
energy than the chemical process of combustion.
Unlike combustion cold fusion does not quickly run out of fuel. As with many other
cold fusion researchers, Zeiner-Gundersen has measured an energy
production that is so high that it is impossible to completely explain it as another chemical reaction.
Will change all energy
The
so-called Coloumb barrier between two cores suggests that what we see here is
not possible.
That I acknowledge. But I note that it still happens. Therefore we have focused
on finding bugs in our own methods, through probably 1,000 days of tests. The
result varies, but we note that the reaction takes place. I'm guessing
that within three years, we'll be thinking completely differently about energy than
today. Perhaps 5-10 years we see this used in aerospace, for the propulsion of
vehicles, boats and aircraft.
- Sindre Zeiner-Gundersen.
Researchers who have been doing this for decades claim that it will be
possible to create an energy that is so enormously powerful and so cheap that
we will be able to provide enough energy to power a city - a year of
fusion energy from a glass of water - without harmful radiation or emissions.
Such energy would be so strong that it can be economically far more affordable
to pull harmful CO2 back from the atmosphere, or make saltwater into
freshwater. It will simply be the solution to all our energy problems.
But LENR researchers have difficulty getting published
material into reputable scientific journals. They acknowledge as well that they
lack a credible theory behind the experimental results they get in the lab.
Nuclear fusion will in fact not be possible without massive energy levels that
simply can not be produced at any laboratory table, according to physicists
working at CERN.
The results that have come since the summer are still more remarkable and
carry a much higher degree of scientific credibility than
before. Meanwhile, one Norwegian physicist who will comment on the case
that even the new and solid scientific findings published possibly due to a new
energy source.
Impossible to explain which chemical reaction
Sindre
Zeiner-Gundersen takes a genuine PhD degree perspective to so-called
Rydbergmaterie at the University of Iceland. Rydbergmaterie is probably a
precursor to cold fusion, according Zeiner-Gundersen. So also believes his
supervisor in Iceland, Svein Olafsson. He is a professor of solid state nuclear
physics and has since 2014 made efforts which also confirms cold fusion.
Olafssonhas been chairman of the Icelandic physicist Association for
several years and has also done experiments at Isolde laboratory.
CERN, happily picks
up the phone when Aftenposten rings.
- "For me LENR effect is an experimental reality. I have studied some of the 500 -
1000 articles published in the field since 1989. We can already say that we
have discovered such enormous energy that this source within 5-10 years will
transform all energy. But it will take time before the world understands it.
You could compare it to when the Wright brothers first flew. They flew in 1903. But
it was not until 1908 that they broke through. People did not believe it before
they even saw it. When such a breakthrough occurs in the public consciousness,
there will be enormous resources to the field."
400 scientists worldwide believe in it
Until
now there have been very few academics like Olafsson, who endorses cold
fusion.
LENR is taught in at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), but at the
start of the course students are warned that their choice of study might harm
their career.
One of the reasons that Olafsson now may speak so cocksure about something which most physicists perceived as impossible, is that he is not alone anymore. For
example, the physicist Robert Duncan, like the American Physicist's Association
itself made an independent examination of the phenomenon,
and is convinced.
- 'We are now an informal network of some 400 physicists worldwide who work with
matter and look at cold fusion as real', says Olafsson.
Another reason why he feels confident is researcher Leif Holmlid. He is
professor emeritus of chemistry at the University of Gothenburg and has a long
career both helped assess potential laureates of the Nobel Committee, and has
published over 200 scientific articles. Unlike most LENR researchers, the work
of both Olafsson and Holmlid is published in the prestigious journals of the
American Physical Society, with its 50,000 members the largest organization of
physicists. There can be no more "mainstream" than that.
Holmlid would still rather not be called a LENR researcher or be associated with the
concept of cold fusion. He got startling results published in Autumn from the pursuit
of a new energy source in one of the journals of the American Physical Society,
AIP Advances. Svein Olafsson characterizes Holmlid as follows:
- "Until now, cold fusion research groped blindly, because we have not had any
credible theory about what's going on. But with Holmlid's work we have a path
that we can start walking. I would not be surprised if Holmlid ends with
getting the Nobel Prize for what he now found out," says Olafsson.
Impossible according to the current laws of physics
There
are several things that make physicists disregard cold fusion in general.
Fundamental physical laws dictate two things: One is that any merger
process must emit radiation, and the second is that the so-called Coloumb
barrier must be exceeded to initiate fusion.
The Coloumb barrier is a nuclear force pushing nuclei apart. Traditional theory suggests
that one must up the energy levels to millions of degrees to start a process
that will allow nuclei to collide, merge and release large amounts of energy through
fusion.
Cold fusion researchers have for years claimed that they can initiate a merger
process with some equipment on a desk. This the established scientific
community has refused to accept since 1989. The American
Physical Society declared by a show of hands at a press conference that cold fusion
could not have taken place since it was measuring neutrons, only four weeks
after the news of a new energy source had gone worldwide.
The physicists then knew nothing about the extreme fabric of ultra dense
deuterium, which Holmlid later detected. This is admittedly not
fully experimentally verified.
According to Holmlid it nevertheless has a local density which makes it weigh a
mind-boggling 130 tons per. liter. If you had a milk carton with ultra dense
deuterium in the refrigerator, the carton would pit a hole through your house
immediately.
The substance is 1,000 times denser than the supposed solar core. The quantities used in the
experiments are fortunately only ultra thin flakes and therefore not
dangerously heavy. This material contains the secret that makes cold fusion possible, according to Holmlid.
- "I think it's ultra dense deuterium that can explain all the results from
experiments with cold fusion," he said.
It is worth noting that virtually all LENR experiments use just deuterium,
which are packed in different ways as closely as possible into a metal and then
energized.
The tests vary from time to time
In ultra
dense deuterium are the core particles according to Holmlid’s theory, so dense that
the Coloumb barrier is no longer an insurmountable obstacle. With just a little
extra energy begins nuclei to fuse and emit extremely high energy.
This theory may also explain why it is so difficult to repeat LENR experiments
with similar results. The tests can be hard to repeat, and over 100 such repetitions have beenpublished since 1989, but the amount of energy that
comes out is highly variable from time to time.
The reason is, according to Holmlid, that the merger takes place in the microscopic
fracture zones within the solid metal substances the deuterium is loaded in. Since it
is impossible to create the interior of a metal sample 100 percent identically
from time to time, it may cause violent fluctuations in the effects of attempts
to experiment, depending on exactly how the metal is composed.
When Holmlid initiated the process of laser pulse on ultra dense deuterium one or other form of energetic particles (radiation) always came
out. But what kind?
The researchers looked and looked for different types with different detectors.
After much ado, they found eventually that laser pulsing of ultra dense matter
emits so-called muons, contrary to assumptions.
Olafsson was accepted to give a talk about the experiment for the American
Physical Society in April.
One of the problems with both Holmlid's attempts and cold fusion
research is that experiments only produce very little radiation. It's no wonder
that most physicists do not believe that it can produce fusion at room
temperatures, because all fusion according to the laws of nature MUST produce
radioactive radiation. Another article by Holmlid and Olafsson found that even
with no laser pulse a weak radiation arises similar to that detected in the
second cold fusion experiments. Olafsson thinks that ultra dense deuterium may
have two different methods to conduct a nuclear process.
Revives research from the 50s
The
interesting thing with the discovery of muons is that these are extremely rare particles.
They can be used to conduct so-called muon-catalyzed fusion, which was
discovered in the '50s. The method has never received special attention
because muons are far too costly to produce.
Now Holmlid has discovered a rich source of the extremely coveted
particles. The next step now is to use them to drive a fusion reactor. Thus he
has already signed a contract with the so-called incubator at the University of
Gothenburg to realize industrially.
The idea is to replace the dirty boiler in existing coal power plants with a
pure fusion reactor, which is also much cheaper to operate because it almost
does not need fuel. From the beginning they will be more economical
with such a merger than to burn coal, thinks Holmlid. He believes that all the
necessary scientific findings are now done. The professor thinks in just 2-3
years we could see a completely finished, new energy ready for full-scale
commercialization.
Unfortunately it emits radiation.Next step, says
Holmlid, will be to achieve myonindusertfusjon, which will almost not emit
radiation. Muons are so weak that they are stopped by a few centimeters of
concrete or steel. In addition a muon is negatively charged. That means they can be
used to produce electricity directly, without producing steam first.
How about a fusion power plant in the basement?
Holmlid
envisions that it should be possible to build small fusion power plant the
size of a small refrigerator. Such home power plants could produce 15 kilowatts. This
is about what you need to supply your home with electricity.The device need not
be larger, such that it can be placed under the hood of an electric car instead of
batteries. The price, according tp Holmlid depends on the laser technology chosen,
but probably will be at some ten thousand crowns. Regardless one will be
quickly recover your investment, for someone who has a housetypically
has 20,000 kroner in annual energy costs.
To cover a small country's energy consumption in a year, estimates Holmlid that
there will be enough with about 100 kg deuterium. 100 kg of deuterium costs at
current rates no more than 700,000 crowns. No good news for a country that
lives off oil. But for the world as a whole would think something like that to be an
absolutely insane energy revolution.
The big question then becomes: Is this too good to be true? Holmlid has
published the findings publicly, and he can therefore not
take a patent on the basic process anymore. He has the right; the world is just realising a
solution to the whole problem of climate change, which many consider to be
humanity's greatest problem. When something sounds to be too good to be true,
it often is.
- "Ultra Dense deuterium is not experimentally proven fully and there is no
scientific groups who have tried to repeat your experiments?
- "Unfortunately, the biggest problem in this field lack of interest. I will
help anyone who will try to replicate what I've done. Unfortunately it is not
so very easy. But I hope someone tries. It would make everything much easier
for me."
Wanted King
The
findings of Holmlid and Olafsson, and also earlier findings on cold fusion
field, are
seen as credible among mainstream physicists. Physics Professor Dieter Röhrich
at the University of Bergen has seen some of Svein Olafsson and Leif Holmlid
latest publications for Aftenposten and also had a two-hour videoconference
with them to clear up any confusion.Nevertheless, he is still very critical.
He acknowledges that any radiation from the experiments would be a sensational
discovery, but is far from convinced.
- "Many claim that they have discovered radiation are presented in the articles,
but no irrefutable evidence presented. To measure an unknown radiation source
is complicated, and I do not see that they have managed to do it," he says.
- But the material is the accepted by the prestigious American Physical Society
and was peer reviewed by them?
- "Peers are not infallible, and they can not - and should not - check
everything. It does not have to be about a scam that I mean either. Most
likely, the results caused by wishful thinking. It's easy to get caught in
their own world and not see the mistakes you make. That is why we in CERN has
several experiments that largely does the same. A minimum is that experiments
must be so nondescript that they can be repeated. But I do not even understand
what they want to measure - muons, electrons, gamma radiation or neutrons", says
Röhrich. He acknowledges myonkatalysert fusion is possible, but notes that the
muon lifetime is so short that the technology is unlikely to make practical
application.
Yet he is not entirely dismissive to further explore the findings.
Svein Olafsson has been watching criticism from Röhrich.
- "I understand actually criticism from Röhrich well. We had a good discussion,
and I agree that probably 95 percent of everything that has been done within
the cold fusion field is experimental error. Most have only using luck managed
to produce energy. But the last 5 percent is scientifically published. Röhrich
do not know cold fusion literature and have not had time to go through all
these experiments. Therefore he shows a healthy skepticism which I respect,"
says Olafsson.
New battle for heavy water
Svein
Holmlid chemist and nuclear is not his specialty. Olafsson, who is a physicist,
points out however that Holmlid is at home because his first discovery in 2008
was done with standard experimental methods of physical chemistry, and had
nothing with nuclear making.
- "Holmlid's experiments are structured so that any minimal sign of radioactivity
is a simple, beautiful, strong and irrefutable evidence that get immediate
consequences for the mystery cold fusion. Such fusion is observed in over 100
published articles since 1989. But radioactivity can be turn on and off in a
controlled manner, is not possible by any known theory," he says.
He points out that he does not claim to have resolved the matter and found the
answer.
- "But we claim that we have found requires explanation. In order to progress,
we need lots of additional research and help from other groups.Three scientists
can not do this job alone", emphasizes Sveinn Olafsson.
Various groups arguing thus the reality. Where does oil nation Norway up in
this? It may be worth recalling that the more popular name of deuterium is
heavy water. Are we seeing a new battle for heavy water?
Let's head back to smoke, there's father Sindre Zeiner-Gundersen watching her
son's PhD degree. M.Sc. Day Zeiner-Gundersen has two doctorates, is
chairman of small Norse AS and sets with the money and the laboratory that
makes it possible for his son to carry out research funded by industry. Today
has followed the LENR field since 2001.
Sindres father Day Zeiner-Gundersen has two doctorates and has been
anxiously engaged in cold fusion for many years already.
- "Norse AS've seen enough that we now know that LENR gives a real effect. But
one should be very careful with quick conclusions since possible sources of
error are numerous.There is surprisingly little LENR research in Norway, a
discipline that several players around the world are researching. Very much of
the research we are doing in this country has a little too much with a
"snuggle research." Maybe petroleum crisis will get Norway to wake?
We certainly can not continue as we have done. At 50 years, we have people
contaminated as much as throughout human history. Future challenges in energy
must be resolved by examining several options, including the controversial,"
says Dag Zeiner-Gundersen.
Are you interested in this technology can save the world father
disaster?Aftenposten has written several cases concerning various aspects of
cold fusion:
From
Aftenposten, a mainstream newspaper in Norway; publishing article on LENR,
interviewing a PhD student Sindre Zeiner-Gundersen, who present an experimental
device. The work by Svein Olafsson (Sindre's supervisor in Iceland) and Leif
Holmlid is reminded.
Another very similar article is published on April 4th.
Cold fusion has
historically received more attention from screenwriters than journalists. Recently, though,
the media has started getting into the game. There are the breathless (for
Scandinavia anyway) stories about the new research coming out of Norway. There
is the pretty epic thinkpiece in Aeon. There is the reaction to that
thinkpiece in Popular
Mechanics. And there is just a ton of easily dismissed nonsense
out of India. The stories all make internal sense, but the broader narrative is
hard to follow. What do we talk about when we talk about cold fusion?
The first
thing to understand is that cold fusion is more than a MacGuffin; it’s a
controversial scientific area of study. Simply put, cold fusion refers to the
ability to reproduce nuclear reactions that normally occur in extremely hot
places — for instance, the sun — at lukewarm, earthly temperatures. In theory,
cold fusion could provide endless amounts of clean electricity, liberating us
from our dependence on other, smog-creating and Penguin-coating sources. But
theory and reality are two different things. Though some scientists say cold
fusion has been possible since Martin Fleischmann and Stanley Pons demonstrated
it with palladium deuteride in 1989, most claim that the demonstration wasn’t
scaleable and that a truly functional system has never been created. Many
scientists are plainly contemptuous of the idea.
Even among
the core group of palladium deuteride enthusiasts, there are plenty of skeptics
who don’t believe in the technologies long term relevance. These people argue
that pursuing a holy
grail of clean energy is foolish. The abbreviated version of that argument
goes like this: Palladium deuteride doesn’t produce energy at a high enough
rate and is thus only good for laboratory experiments.
The
conversation really only gets interesting when nickel hydrogen shows up. Nickel
hydrogen, the thinking goes, could produce energy at a significantly higher
rate. But there is no scientific consensus that this is possible. The only man
on the planet totally sure that this can be done is Andrea Rossi, an Italian
scientist who claims to have managed the trick.
“This big
question is, ‘Can you trust him?” says Edmund Storms, a nuclear chemist with a
background in radiochemistry and nuclear physics. “His claims are not based
upon good science, and many attempts to replicate [results he claims to have
achieved] have failed, so we’re in a sort of awkward position on the path
toward possible application. But the basic phenomenon is, I think,
well-supported with palladium deuteride.” Rossi could not be reached for this article.
Storms, who
has authored several books on cold fusion, explains that Rossi is a big part of
why cold fusion (many scientists find low-energy nuclear reactions, LENR, a
more credible term) is getting some attention again. There is a “for better or
worse” caveat.
The interest
in the field is starting to percolate into the mainstream, but it’s still a
hard nut to crack,” says Storms. “When people have success in this field, they
tend to keep it secret because that’s their intellectual property and they want
to patent it. So you only hear about the failure. In my case, I publish
everything I discover because i think it’s too soon to try to use any of this
commercially.”
Storms adds
that most journals don’t want to publish articles on cold fusion for fear of
looking foolish. The main exception is the Journal of Condensed Matter Nuclear
Science, but that’s not considered “conventional.” Storms
believes many scientists, fearing for their reputations, are simply refusing to
consider cold fusion because it’s an inconvenient possibility, if not a very
convenient truth.
Jean-Paul
Biberian, author of Fusion
in All Its Forms: Cold Fusion, ITER, Alchemy, Biological Transmutations,
basically agrees with storms, adding that having worked in the field since 1993
he remains unsold on Rossi’s claims.
“We have no
idea,” Biberian says of Rossi’s work. “He just talks and we have no solid data.
Rossi started in 2011, so five years later we’re still in the same mystery.
Other people are trying to follow in the tracks of Rossi but haven’t been able
to reproduce [the results he claims to have achieved]. No one can duplicate
what he says.”
Dr Jean-Paul Biberian Comes To the Lab
When pressed
about whether or not he believes in Rossi’s work, Biberian laughed. “This is
the most difficult question.” Rossi has said that after a month of analysis the
state of his nickel powder has been altered, shifting from natural nickel
isotopes - 58, 60, 61, and 64 - to almost entirely Ni-62. He claims a similar
result with lithium. “If this is true, then [a nuclear phenomenon] must have
happened, unless he’s a magician.” Then again, his results could simply be
fraudulent, as many believe they must be.
Like Storms,
Biberian stressed that palladium deuteride cold fusion has been proven again
and again, but that nickel hydrogen cold fusion — the one with commercial
potential — remains a question mark. On the plus side, he says that “palladium
deuteride” results are improving. Unfortunately, the people conducting that
research are scientists more than engineers, and thus not particularly
concerned with practical
applications. It’s the practical
application, after all, that has made cold fusion the bogeyman of the
science world.
“There’s promising work
in Japan with nanoparticles now,” Biberian adds. “With palladium, nickel,
and copper, and they’re getting good results, so maybe the future is more in
the alloys than in the pure metals.” Biberian believes we will one day see cold
fusion on an industrial level, but that we don’t understand it well enough yet
to predict when that could be.
Most
scientists still shun the idea of cold fusion, palladium- and nickel-based
alike. The recent research from Norway might help to change that, but it’s
almost guaranteed to be a slow process.
“Everyone’s
been taught it’s impossible,” Storms says. In a sense, that’s where the
conversation begins and ends.
Kastalia Medrano grew up in Littleton,
Colorado, and holds a journalism degree from the University of Southern
California. She spent the past year and a half backpacking around the world and
recently moved to New York in an effort to be a little less feral. Her RTs =
unwavering personal convictions.
- Scroll down
through ‘Older Posts’ at the end of each section
Do you LIKE this uniquely informative site?
Hours of effort by a genuinely incapacitated invalid are
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on phones and other mobile devices, sites like this earn an ever shrinking
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Like what you see? Please give anything you can -
Contributeany amount and receive at least one
New Illuminati eBook!
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change?
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never know how long something will stay glued to the web – but remember
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If you
like what you see, please send a donation (no amount is too small or too large)
or leave a comment – and thanks for reading this far…
Live long
and prosper! Together we can create the best of all possible worlds…
