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Showing posts with label homo floresiensis. Show all posts
Showing posts with label homo floresiensis. Show all posts

Monday, 26 August 2013

Ebu Gogo: The Flores Hobbit


Ebu Gogo: The Flores Hobbit
Local Tales of Recently Discovered Elusive Hominids




Ebu Gogo are a group of human-like creatures that appear in the mythology of the people of the island of Flores, Indonesia. In the Nage language of central Flores, ebu means 'grandmother' and gogo means 'he who eats anything'.

The Ebu Gogo are described as small, nasty people with a voracious appetite that sometimes included the devouring of the occasional human baby. Ebu Gogo have hair covered bodies, longish arms, big bellies and protruding ears. They were said to walk awkwardly and could be heard murmuring in their own language and were said to be capable of mimicking human speech.

When they could tolerate the Ebu Gogo no more the Flores islanders drove the small people in the direction of the caves, perhaps near Liang Bau or perhaps they burned the survivors alive. In any case, these stories were probably told to keep truculent Flores children in line in much the same fashion as some western fairy tales are told.

Indonesian culture just like any other has folklore about ghosts, little people and mysterious beings. Word of mouth folktales are handed down from generation to generation. Indonesian village people would talk of an ape-like creature that walks like a man.

Some scientists believe that the Ebu Gogo folklore maybe a shared cultural memory of Homo floresiensis but there is no solid evidence to support that theory. However, legends have the Ebu Gogo disappearing about 400 years ago at the time of the arrival of the Dutch and Portuguese explorers. Scientists working on the Homo floresiensis find have also referred to the Ebu Gogo as 'Hobbits'.



From October 2004 - telegraph - Richard Roberts, discoverer of the 'Hobbit', says local tales suggest the species could still exist.



When I was back in Flores earlier this month we heard the most amazing tales of little, hairy people, whom they called Ebu Gogo - Ebu meaning grandmother and Gogo meaning 'he who eats anything'. The tales contained the most fabulous details - so detailed that you'd imagine there had to be a grain of truth in them.

One of the village elders told us that the Ebu Gogo ate everything raw, including vegetables, fruits, meat and, if they got the chance, even human meat.

When food was served to them they also ate the plates, made of pumpkin - the original guests from hell (or heaven, if you don't like washing up and don't mind replacing your dinner set every week).

The villagers say that the Ebu Gogo raided their crops, which they tolerated, but decided to chase them away when the Ebu Gogo stole - and ate - one of their babies.


They ran away with the baby to their cave which was at the foot of the local volcano, some tens of metres up a cliff face. The villagers offered them bales of dry grass as fodder, which they gratefully accepted.

A few days later, the villagers went back with a burning bale of grass which they tossed into the cave. Out ran the Ebu Gogo, singed but not fried, and were last seen heading west, in the direction of Liang Bua, where we found the Hobbit, as it happens.

When my colleague Gert van den Bergh first heard these stories a decade ago, which several of the villages around the volcano recount with only very minor changes in detail, he thought them no better than leprechaun tales until we unearthed the Hobbit. (I much prefer Ebu as the name of our find but my colleague Mike Morwood was insistent on Hobbit.)

The anatomical details in the legends are equally fascinating. They are described as about a metre tall, with long hair, pot bellies, ears that slightly stick out, a slightly awkward gait, and longish arms and fingers - both confirmed by our further finds this year.

They [the Ebu Gogo] murmured at each other and could repeat words [spoken by villagers] verbatim. For example, to 'here's some food', they would reply 'here's some food'. They could climb slender-girthed trees but, here's the rub, were never seen holding stone tools or anything similar, whereas we have lots of sophisticated artefacts in the H. floresiensis levels at Liang Bua. That's the only inconsistency with the Liang Bua evidence.

The women Ebu Gogo had extremely pendulous breasts, so long that they would throw them over their shoulders, which must have been quite a sight in full flight.

We did ask the villagers if they ever interbred with the Ebu Gogo. They vigorously denied this, but said that the women of Labuan Baju (a village at the far western end of Flores, better known as LBJ) had rather long breasts, so they must have done.

Poor LBJ must be the butt of jokes in Flores, rather like the Irish and Tasmanians.

A local eruption at Liang Bua (in western Flores) may have wiped out local hobbits around 12,000 years ago, but they could well have persisted much later in other parts of the island. The villagers said that the last hobbit was seen just before the village moved location, farther from the volcano, not long before the Dutch colonists settled in that part of central Flores, in the 19th century.

Do the Ebu Gogo still exist? It would be a hoot to search the last pockets of rainforest on the island. Not many such pockets exist, but who knows. At the very least, searching again for that lava cave, or others like it, should be done, because remains of hair only a few hundred years old, would surely survive, snagged on the cave walls or incorporated in deposits, and would be ideal for ancient DNA analyses.

Interestingly, we did find lumps of dirt with black hair in them this year in the Hobbit levels, but don't know yet if they're human or something else. We're getting DNA testing done, which we hope will be instructive.

Click for video - The Real Hobbit

From December 2004 - smh –

Chief Epiradus Dhoi Lewa has a strange tale to tell. Sitting in his bamboo and wooden home at the foot of an active volcano on the remote Indonesian island of Flores, he recalls how people from his village were able to capture a tiny woman with long, pendulous breasts three weeks ago.

"They said she was very little and very pretty," he says, holding his hand at waist height. "Some people saw her very close up."

The villagers of Boawae believe the strange woman came down from a cave on the steaming mountain where short, hairy people they call Ebu Gogo lived long ago.

"Maybe some Ebu Gogo are still there," the 70-year-old chief told the Herald through an interpreter in Boawae last week.

The locals' descriptions of Ebu Gogo as about a metre tall, with pot bellies and long arms match the features of a new species of human "hobbits" whose bones were recently unearthed by Australian and Indonesian researchers in a different part of Flores in a cave known as Liang Bua.

The unexpected discovery of this tiny Homo floresiensis, who existed until at least 12,000 years ago at Liang Bua, before being apparently wiped out by a volcanic eruption, was hailed as one of the most important archaeological finds in decades when it was announced in October.

The chief adds that the mysterious little woman in Boawae somehow "escaped" her captors, and the local police said they knew nothing of her existence when he quizzed them.

The prospect that some hobbits still exist in pockets of thick, fertile jungle on Flores is extremely unlikely, says Douglas Hobbs, a member of the team that discovered Homo floresiensis. But it is possible they survived near Boawae until 300 or so years ago, when the chief's ancestors moved into the area, he says.

The detailed stories that the villagers tell about the legendary Ebu Gogo on the volcano have convinced the Australian and Indonesian team to search for bones of hobbits in this cave when they return to the rugged island next year, says Hobbs, an emeritus archaeologist with the University of New England, who discussed excavation plans with the chief last week.



Getting to the cave on the 2100-metre-high Ebulobo volcano, however, will be no simple matter for the team led by Professor Mike Morwood of UNE. The blood of a pig must first be spilt in this society where Catholic faith is melded with animist beliefs and ancestor worship.

The sacrifice and the feast will please the ancestors and bring many villagers together to talk about the cave, says the chief, whose picture of his grandfather, the king, in traditional head-dress, sits framed on the wall next to images of Jesus.

If the right rituals are followed, "then we will be able to find the road to the hole again", he says.

A Dutch palaeontologist, Dr Gert van den Bergh, a member of the team, was first shown the cave at a distance more than a decade ago, after hearing folk tales of the Ebu Gogo, which means "grandmother who eats everything".

People living around the volcano told him a consistent story of the hairy creatures that devoured whatever they could grasp in their long fingers. The villagers tolerated the stealing of food until the Ebu Gogo began to snatch babies and eat them too. They then set upon the little people, forcing them out of the cave with bales of burning grass.

Van den Bergh dismissed the tales as akin to those of leprechauns and elves, until the hobbit bones were found.

While the search for more bones is being planned, a political furore has broken out after a leading Indonesian palaeoanthropologist - with no connection to the find - last week "borrowed" all the delicate remains from six hobbits found at Liang Bua against the wishes of local and Australian team members. Professor Teuku Jacob, of Gadjah Mada University, who has challenged the view that Homo floresiensis is a new species, had previously taken the skull and bones of the most complete specimen, a 30-year-old female hobbit, from the Indonesian Centre for Archaeology in Jakarta, where they had been kept.

Professor Morwood said it was wrong that the team who found the remains were unable to analyse them first. "It is not good for the Indonesian researchers nor their institution."

However, he said Professor Jacob had signed an agreement to return all the bones by January 1.

Are Orang Pendek and Homo Floresiensis related...or the same species?

Surviving Homo Floresiensis

NOTE: Wildlife scientist, cryptid hunter Pat Spain will be joining us at 'Beyond The Edge' Radio on Sunday, July 21st at 8:00 PM. Pat's great uncle was anomalous phenomena pioneer Charles Fort...Lon

A New Human: The Startling Discovery and Strange Story of the "Hobbits" of Flores, Indonesia

Little People And a Lost World: An Anthropological Mystery (Discovery!)

The Fossil Chronicles: How Two Controversial Discoveries Changed Our View of Human Evolution




From Pulse of the Paranormal @ http://www.phantomsandmonsters.com/2013/07/ebu-gogo-flores-hobbit.html  


For more information about the Flores hobbits see http://nexusilluminati.blogspot.com/search/label/hobbits  
or 
http://nexusilluminati.blogspot.com/search/label/homo%20floresiensis

For reports on a similar hominid said to syill exist in nearby Sumatra see http://nexusilluminati.blogspot.com.au/2010/12/proof-of-sumatran-bigfoot.html
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Monday, 20 May 2013

Are the ‘Hobbits’ Truly Extinct?


Are the ‘Hobbits’ Truly Extinct?
Rangers sight pygmies in Way Kambas National Park


by Oyos Saroso HN


Orang Pendek, Humanoid type


Rangers patrolling the Way Kambas National Park (TNWK) in Lampung claim to have sighted dozens of pygmies in a number of areas across the park.

According to them, the pygmies sport dreadlocks, measure no more than 50 centimeters tall and do not wear any clothing.

“A number of rangers claim the pygmies grow their dreadlocks down to their waist. The first sighting by the rangers was on March 17 at 6:40 p.m. local time,” said TNWK spokesman Sukatmoko.

He added that several rangers patrolling the park claimed the pygmies were seen moving to the PT Nusantara Tropical Fruit (NTF) plantation. They were seen running from the TNWK forest to the plantation.

“Apparently, many fruit trees, such as banana, guava and dragon fruit, are grown in the NTF plantation area. If the pygmies like fruit, they might have entered the plantation for food,” said Sukatmoko.

Forest rangers have secured a number of points at the border between TNWK and PT NTF, concerned that the safety of the pygmies is at stake due to the presence of many workers at the plantation.

“We will try to anticipate the situation with the help of local residents and PT NTF employees. If they come across the pygmies, they should not harm them,” he said.

Sukatmoko said that based on information conveyed by forest rangers, the group of pygmies consisted of around 15 individuals. When the rangers spotted them, the pygmies, believed to be an isolated group of people, were walking through a swamp.

“The rangers monitored their presence for around 15 minutes from a distance of around 35 meters. When the rangers were about to approach them, they immediately hid behind trees and vanished. They ran very fast,” said Sukatmoko.

He added that on March 20, patrolling rangers sighted the pygmies again in the same place, but this time they observed from further away and for a shorter time.

Sukatmoko said his office was unsure whether the pygmies had always lived in TNWK, or whether they were newcomers from other islands. To record their presence, the TNWK center has installed surveillance cameras in the forest.

“We can record pictures of the pygmies at night. After it’s proven they exist, we will immediately inform the Forestry Ministry, or even the President,” he said.

Sukatmoko promised his office would protect the pygmies and not disturb them.

“We believe they really exist in TNWK. We’re making strenuous efforts to find them. In the event that we do, we hope the government protects them. Our rangers have seen them with their own eyes, but have yet to take pictures of them,” he said, adding the center had allowed academics and researchers to trace and study the group.

Indonesian Forum for the Environment (Walhi) Lampung chapter campaign director Mukri Friatna said the pygmies had been sighted in a number of forests in Indonesia, such as in Kerinci Seblat (West Sumatra), Liang Bua (Flores) and Bone (South Sulawesi).

“In Kerinci Seblat, they are known as the orang pendek [short people], in Flores as homo floresiensis, and in Bone as members of the Oni tribe. In Mount Kerinci, the creature is depicted as having inverted legs but is very agile among the dense foliage,” said Mukri.

TNWK, located in East Lampung, covers 125,000 hectares. The forest, more than 40 percent of which has been damaged, is home to the Sumatran elephant, rhinoceros, tigers and a number of other rare wildlife species.






Humans, Flores 'hobbits' existed together: study

 

by David Mark


'Very, very primitive': Debbie Argue compared bone fragments from the hobbits to other hominids.



They were just one metre tall with very long arms, no chins, wrist bones like gorillas and extremely long feet.

In 2003, archaeologists excavating in a cave on the Indonesian island of Flores made a discovery that forced scientists to completely rethink conventional theories of human evolution.

They reported the discovery of a new species of human, one that lived as recently as 12,000 years ago, at the same time as modern humans.

But others disagreed, arguing the one-metre-high skeleton was a modern human that suffered from a deformity known as microcephaly.

The debate has raged ever since. But Debbie Argue, a PhD student from the ANU's Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, believes she has settled the question by comparing bone fragments from the hobbits to other hominids.

"We compared them to almost every species in our genus, as well as Australopithecine, which was a genus before Homo evolved," Ms Argue said.

"Of course, we included Homo sapiens.

"We discovered that Homo floresiensis ranged off the family tree almost at the beginning of the evolution of our genus, Homo.

"So that would have been over two million years ago, and as such a very, very primitive being."

 

'Paradigm shift'

 

Ms Argue's work was published recently in the Journal of Human Evolution. She describes the work as a paradigm shift in archaeology, overturning the notion that Homo sapiens were the only hominids on the planet after the extinction of Homo erectus and the Neanderthals.

"This is science, so maybe [it's] not the definitive proof but a very, very solid hypothesis," she said.

"This is the first time such a huge and comprehensive set of characteristics about the whole of the body of Homo floresiensis has been but into one analysis."

Ms Argue says her work challenges another major cornerstone in the theory of human evolution.

"This means that something very, very primitive came out of Africa," she said.

"Previous to this we thought that what came out of Africa had modern body proportions and an expanded brain case, but this is a much more primitive being.

"We know that Homo floresiensis was, in Flores at least, from 100,000 years ago to about 12,000 years ago. And at that time, or at least from 40,000 years ago, we had modern humans in Asia and New Guinea and Australia.

"So here we were sharing the planet where we thought we'd been the only people that survived after the end of the Neanderthals."



From the ABC @ http://www.abc.net.au/news/2009-08-02/humans-flores-hobbits-existed-together-study/1375562


Brain size points to origins of 'hobbit'

hobbit
The hobbit was dwarfed by giant storks and stegodon (Source: National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo)


A new study of fossil skulls has weighed into the debate on the identity of the ancestor of the so-called 'hobbit'.

Japanese researchers argue today in Proceedings of the Royal Society B that Homo erectus is the most likely predecessor of the famously diminuitive creature known as H. floresiensis.

"We conclude that evolution from early Javanese H. erectus to H. floresiensis was possible in terms of brain size," say Dr Yousuke Kaifu and colleagues, from the University of Tokyo and the National Museum of Nature and Science in Tokyo.

Ever since their discovery on the Indonesian island of Flores in 2004, bones of H. floresiensis have been the subject of much contention.

Some have claimed the so-called 'hobbit' was little more than a sick human, suffering from a condition called microcephaly.

While most working in this area support the idea that floresiensis is a new species of human, there is still quite broad disagreement over which early human it evolved from.

One hypothesis is that floresiensis evolved from the similarly small-bodied, small-brained H. habilis, but there is little evidence that such an ancestor ever made it to Southeast Asia.

 

Shrinking brain

 

Another theory is that the hobbit evolved from the much larger H. erectus, remains of which have been found on the island of Java.

According to this hypothesis, H. erectus somehow crossed over to Flores, where it shrunk into the hobbit over evolutionary time, through a process called "island dwarfism".

Weighing against this theory has been the gap between the sizes of the erectus and floresiensis brains.

But now, Kaifu and colleagues have used high-resolution CT scans to show the difference between the two is smaller than previously thought.

They say the earliest Javanese erectus had a brain size of 860 cubic centimetres, rather than the previously accepted mean of 991.

By contrast, floresiensis had a brain size of 426 cubic centimetres rather than the oft-cited figure of 400.

Together with a reanalysis of the scaling relationship between brain and body size among early humans, the researchers say the erectus model is now more viable.

They say while it is possible that the hobbit was an "archaic hominin individual with microcephaly … the robust limb bones, phalanges with osteophytes and signs of healed trauma on the cranial vault and tibia point to an active life rather than a disabled condition in this individual."

 

Scaling and extreme dwarfism

 

As humans and other hominins have evolved, their bodies have grown bigger, but their brains have grown at an even greater rate.

Researchers use such scaling relationship to work backwards and study evolutionary relationships between modern and early humans.

Using different groups of hominins and a larger sample than previously analysed, Kaifu and colleagues found this scaling could explain at least 50 per cent of the tiny hobbit brain.

"The results show more significant contribution of scaling effect than previously claimed," say Kaifu and colleagues.

The researchers say the rest of the shrinkage could be explained by extreme island dwarfism, in which the brain of an animal decreases in size even more compared to its body size.

For example, fossils show dwarf goats and hippos once lived on islands in the Mediterannean and off Africa.

The idea is that where there are no predators, and the animals are presumed not didn't have to use too much brain power to survive, they shed kilos of an organ which is very metabolically expensive.

Despite having to contend with giant storks, stegodons and komodo dragons, Kaifu and colleagues say the same could have applied to the hobbit.

 

Narrowing the gap

 

Professor Colin Groves of the Australian National University welcomes the research saying that although many CT scans of hobbit brain cases have been carried out before, Kaifu and colleagues have done the highest resolution yet.

Groves says the slightly larger hobbit brain size and the slightly smaller Homo erectus brain size "narrows the gap" between the two, but he is not convinced that erectus is the hobbit's most likely ancestor for the hobbit.

"I think habilis is the one it's most like," says Groves.

While he agrees fossil evidence for habilis is scant in Southeast Asia he says jaw fragments of the same age as the skulls being studied by Kaifu and colleagues suggest it was there long before floresiensis.

"The very earliest jaw fragments that are classified as H. erectus from Java have very habilis-like charactaristics and therefore could in fact be habilis," he says.

But everyone agrees that only more research will tell who is correct.

"The question will be answered most effectively by future discoveries of skeletal evidence for the first hominins to colonise Flores," say Kaifu and colleagues.



From ABC Science @ http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2013/04/17/3738441.htm?site=science%2Ftricks&topic=latest

For more information about the Orang Pendek see http://nexusilluminati.blogspot.com/search/label/orang%20pendek   
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