How does the Göbekli Tepe find change our view of human
history?
History Books Will Need To Be Rewritten
Göbekli Tepe is a phenomenal time capsule of discovery and insight. We are faced with an untouched, and relatively intact window into a culture that has refused to be forgotten. Göbekli Tepe stands as a reminder that there is grand folly in making any final determinations about who we are, how we lived and where we came from. Göbekli Tepe also shows that there is profound arrogance to call any prior culture, a primitive culture, by any measure or standard. History books will need a complete rewrite as well as Wikipedia's various citations on ancient history. Sadly some of this data is 20 years old and is still not cited nor put in the proper context.
I have posted on this subject before: What are the most fascinating known unknowns?. I hope to give more details on this amazing discovery with Some information that is not yet easily available (on the internet) or otherwise Peer Reviewed published (Eg: Beer/Bread production, Written Language/Symbols, Plant domestication). However none of this data is unannounced or otherwise proprietary unreleased data. Please see notes at the end of the paragraphs for more detail.
Most of this data is still being uncovered and thus will be published in Peer Review publications when appropriate. Some of this data comes directly from Professor Klaus Schmidt, the chief Researcher and Archeologist on site, in updates to academics that are following his work. Professor Schmidt came to Turkey in 1978, but it wasn't until 1994 that he felt sure enough of the data he collected to begin to publish. Professor Schmidt is academically quite conservative and faced the undesirable task of putting archaeology on notice that general assumptions held very tightly were, just wrong. It took him many years of checking and then rechecking before he would publish his discoveries as he knew they were highly controversial. Thus it may be a few years before we see some of what I mention here fully published and accepted. This is an early view and have no doubts is very, very controversial.
Warning: I
have a clear bias here that I must warn the reader about. I feel very,
very strongly that academia has not given proper encomium, citation,
commendation and tribute for Professor Schmidt and his 30 years of work at
Göbekli Tepe. I feel rather strongly that this position of academia has
caused many discoveries of similar magnitude to be stunted by little to no
funding. Please forgive a bit of cheerleading for what I believe is one of the
most important discoveries in human history.
All Too Human
I must point out that one of the most difficult things about Göbekli Tepe has been the Historians and Archaeologists that have invested so much into a paradigm of human development, that they found it nearly impossible to accept the realities that Göbekli Tepe presented. This has hampered progress, funding and peer review of Göbekli Tepe. This shows how even the most empirical Researchers and Scientists are all too human and fall prey to the fear of a rewriting of history to a more accurate context. It is my profound hope that Göbekli Tepe helps to change this point of view in some material way.
Here are just some of the new insights Göbekli Tepe has produced:
Earliest Organized Society Yet Discovered
Organized
society is now at least 13,000 years old and perhaps far older as there is evidence
that at least another society lead up to this site. This nearly doubles
the period that was assumed before. It was assumed prior to Göbekli Tepe, that
the Sumerians were the first Organized Society, and perhaps in some measure
this is still valid but not by every measure (http://en.wikipedia.org/
Possible Earliest Written Language Yet Discovered
At
Göbekli Tepe we are confronted with what appears to be the earliest yet
discovery of a human writing. This is very early days but there appears to be
about 20 symbols in use. This in itself does not portend to a complete
language but there is promising signs in some of the most recent digs at the
site. Prior to this discovery it was assumed that it was a product of the
ancient sumerian culture in perhaps 3200 BCE. Göbekli Tepe may move this back
to at least 10,000 BCE. (http://en.wikipedia.org/
Earliest Use Of Advanced Tools Yet Discovered
The
neolithic period is still called the "Stone age" and at this point
the defining characteristics, stone tools and "primitive clans" needs
massive adjustment. (http://en.wikipedia.org/
Earliest Plant Domestication Yet Discovered
Plant
domestication is clear. They grew crops and perhaps irrigation systems
and cultivation systems.
Prior assumptions placed this to about 6000 BCE (http://en.wikipedia.org/
Possible Earliest Use Of The Wheel Yet Discovered
There
is very provocative evidence (thus far unpublished, no photo) that the people of
Göbekli Tepe used at the very least "Pull Sleds" or in a more
fantastic possibility, "Wheeled Carts". There are
"roads" that show tracks formed in what was mud and limestone that
clearly shows that this took place over 100s if not 1000s of years. Prior
to this discovery it was thought only the Sumerians processed the knowladge of
the wheel in perhaps 3000 BCE (http://en.wikipedia.org/
Earliest Production Of Beer And Bread Yet Discovered
Göbekli
Tepe has the earliest discovery of bread making and the corollary to this, beer
production.
Prior to the discovery of these Beer making Vats, it was assumed that this was
first produced in what is now modern China about 5000 BCE (http://en.wikipedia.org/
Earliest Megalithic Buildings Yet Discovered
Massive
building projects on the scale seen at Göbekli Tepe were never
attributed to Neolithic people. The prior example was at Stonehenge, it
was built perhaps 6000 years later. The design, engineering, workmanship and
overral site complexity is not in the same realm as Göbekli Tepe. (http://en.wikipedia.org/
A Peaceful Society
Thus
far all the evidence we see at Göbekli Tepe the people lived in relative peace
for over 3000 years.
The site shows none of the signs one would expect from conflicts. This
does not 100% rule out the possibility, but thus far there is none of the
expected evidence one would expect. There have not been any human remains
discovered so we do not have this information to go by. But we also do
not see any signs that victory in battle would produce in countless other
ancient and modern cultures.
We also know this, it takes a rather sophisticated culture to build and operate such a complex. It takes and even more forward thinking culture to completely bury a site that was in continuous use for 3000 years and to do it with such delicate care.
Thus far we have been convinced by most accounts that no long term organized society existed without great battles and conquests. Prior to this discovery it seemed most cultures could not last perhaps a few hundred years peacefully. If this turns out to be confirmed at Göbekli Tepe we will have a completely new insight on how a culture can thrive through what was certainly very difficult times.
Göbekli Tepe has like every major discovery created more questions than it has yet to answer. For example, where did everyone live? There are no signs of human habitation thus far unearthed. Professor Schmidt has found himself also at odds about the use of this site. He had postulated that this site was purely ceremonial however his new findings may now change this view.
(This Data is published and is 100% conjecture as is all insights on ancient cultures. However there is quite a bit of published evidence that concludes a peaceful culture. This data will be very fiercely challenged).
We also know this, it takes a rather sophisticated culture to build and operate such a complex. It takes and even more forward thinking culture to completely bury a site that was in continuous use for 3000 years and to do it with such delicate care.
Thus far we have been convinced by most accounts that no long term organized society existed without great battles and conquests. Prior to this discovery it seemed most cultures could not last perhaps a few hundred years peacefully. If this turns out to be confirmed at Göbekli Tepe we will have a completely new insight on how a culture can thrive through what was certainly very difficult times.
Göbekli Tepe has like every major discovery created more questions than it has yet to answer. For example, where did everyone live? There are no signs of human habitation thus far unearthed. Professor Schmidt has found himself also at odds about the use of this site. He had postulated that this site was purely ceremonial however his new findings may now change this view.
(This Data is published and is 100% conjecture as is all insights on ancient cultures. However there is quite a bit of published evidence that concludes a peaceful culture. This data will be very fiercely challenged).
In Our Lifetimes...
This is just some of the grand discoveries that has been found up until this point. The site is not even 15% unearthed (we have unearthed 3 Circle complexes, there are at least 20 more with other structures yet to be unearthed, some may be older then 13,000 years). There are no doubts that there will be far more truly world changing discoveries. And just as fascinating is the cultures that lead up to Göbekli Tepe as it is clear there had to be a few thousand years of evolution of culture to produce what we see here today.
All of us will stand witness, in this generation, to discoveries that perhaps our ancient family hoped us to rediscover, as a testament to not only what we could do, but who we really are.
From Quora @ http://www.quora.com/How-does-the-G%C3%B6bekli-Tepe-find-change-our-view-of-human-history
For more information about Gobelki Tepe see http://nexusilluminati.blogspot.com/search/label/gobekli%20tepe
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